*Calling Card Secrets*
This is an actual document from BELL LABS and is presented by City Under
Siege and is
presented in its entirety!!!
CARD-READING PUBLIC STATIONS REQUIREMENTS
Bell
Communications Research, Inc.
1. This document describes generic requirements for
card-reading public
telephone stations. These stations will be deployed by a Bell Operating
with easier
access to both BOC and inter-LATA carrier (IC) facilities.
A BOC Card-Reading Public
Station (alternatively referred to as "station")
is intended to work similarly to a
current Charge-a-Call station with
features added to read a magnetic-stripe card and
conveniently select an IC.
The BOCs expect to issue Calling Cards for use in making intra-LATA
toll and
local calls over the BOC networks, and inter-LATA calls over any carrier
capable of accepting a Calling Card number. Similarly, calls billed via
Commercial Credit
Cards (CCC) would be possible if the involved BOC or IC
were able to accept
them.
1.1 Outline of Document
Section 1.2 describes the scope of the document. The
general operation of the
station is described in section 1.3.
Section 2 specifies
the requirements for a card-reading public telephone
station. Section 2.1 sets the
requirements for card presentation, including
how and when the card should be presented, and
what the station should do if
the presentation of the card differs from that required.
Section 2.2 specifies the requirements for signaling by the customer. This
includes
acceptable dialed destination numbers, methods of selection of the
IC, and anti-fraud features
of the station.
Section 2.3 specifies the requirements on how the station will
interface with
the end (local) office. The features of the line and electrical
characteristics
are described.
Section 2.4 describes the interface between the
station and the IC or a
processor. This includes description of the access environment and
what the
station should do to help set up calls.
Section 2.5 specifies the
physical characteristics of the station. Section
3 contains requirements pertaining to the
support that the supplier should
provide for these stations.
1.2 Scope of
Document
This document provides functional requirements for a card-reading, non-coin
does in its
various interactions with the customer, the local office, and the
carrier of choice or an
associated processor. The requirements also describe
the physical environment in which the
station operates. This document is not
intended to dictate how given functions are
specifically realized.
Card reading transactions described here are limited to
magnetic-stripe card
technology and cover only those actions required to set up and properly
bill
a call. These requirements are generally limited to the station itself.
Actions by
other facilities to provide public calling via credit cards are
included only insofar as they
relate to pertinent station functions.
This document contains requirements primarily
concerning public stations,
card reading, and carrier selection. The station should also
meet
requirements specified by the FCC Rules regarding registration of telephone
sets
(Part 68), FCC Rules regarding radiated emissions (Part 15),
requirements concerning the
normal station to network interface, and
requirements concerning abnormal conditions on the
local loop.
Human factors of the station and the related service have not been, for
the
most part, specifically addressed. Good human factors design, however, is
crucial to
a successful product, and underlies many of the requirements.
1.3 General Operation of
the Station
This document describes a station similar to Charge-a-Call stations,
with
features added to read a magnetic-stripe card and conveniently select an IC
to
handle the call. This station needs to provide four basic functions:
Voice-band
transmission and reception,
Addressing the far end party,
Selection of a
carrier,
Relaying appropriate billing and call status information.
The
first two functions are common to all telephone stations. Carrier
selection is a relatively
new function and one of increasing importance.
Relaying of billing information is a function
inherent in public stations.
The station described in this document will operate as a
typical modern
telephone with respect to voice-band transmission and reception. Addressing
signals.
The station will provide the customer at least one way to select an IC. One
way lets the
customer dial a particular sequence of digits on the DTMF key
pad. This includes speed code
dialing or 7-digit access numbers for carries,
as well as equal access carrier codes (10XXX).
A second way allows the
customer to select certain ICs by pressing a single button on a button
field
distinct from the DTMF key pad. This is sometimes referred to a
"Select-a-Carrier" or "Choose-a-Carrier" feature. The station will have to
translate the single button activation into an appropriate sequence of DTMF signals, but this
translation will be largely transparent to the customer.
A third potential way that could be
implemented in combination with the first
two ways would have an IC code on the magnetic
stripe of a Calling Card. This
Calling Card could be issued by a BOC or by the IC. If the BOC
issued the
Calling Card, the call would be directed to that carrier for inter-LATA calls
unless the customer overrides. If the IC issued the Calling Card, the carrier
selection could
not be changed.
The station will provide the customer three ways of entering billing
stations and involve
entering information by voice to an operator, or by use
of the DTMF key pad. The third way
allows the customer to enter billing
information by physically presenting a magnetic-stripe
credit card to a
card-reading device in the station.
In general, the station will
need enough intelligence to perform the
following
functions:
Accept carrier
selection and billing information from the customer.
Store some of that information for
later use in completing the call, if it
is not immediately needed.
Communicate
billing and/or addressing information to carriers or associated
processors, possibly according
to more than one protocol.
2. Station Requirements
Two types of features
of the station are described in this document. The word
"should" indicates a
mandatory requirement. "It is desirable" indicates a
non-mandatory feature. These
requirements are dynamic and could be influenced
by time, technology, market strategy, or
economics.
2.1 Card Reader
The card reader and its associated electronics
needs to provide four basic
functions: accept the card from the customer, read it, and get it
safely back
to the customer; perform certain checks on the data encoded on the magnetic
stripe; separate the card data into meaningful data fields and store each
field for use when
and if it is needed; and notify the customer about errors
or invalid cards.
This
document does not specify a type of card reader. Any type may be used,
as long as it can be
easily used by the customer. Some of these requirements
pertain only to particular card reader
types.
2.1.1 Card Presentation
1. When the customer presents a card to an
off-hook station, the card reader
should read the card, check its validity (see Section
2.1.2), and store the
data for use during call set-up by the station.
2. Any card
data should be purged from the station after the station goes
on-hook.
3. If the
card reader type entails the customer releasing the card while it
is being read, the station
should alert the customer to remove the card from
the reader before sitting up the call. The
station should not proceed with
the call setup until the card is removed. Also, it is
desirable(at part of
the card always remain in sight of the customer.
4. The
customer should be able to remove the card at any time, even while it
is being read.
natural. If the
customer moves the card in a vertical slot, the motion should
be downward. In a horizontal
slot, the card should be moved from left to
right. For insertion type readers, the card should
be pushed forward and
then removed.
6. If the customer must move the card past
the reader head, the card reader
should successfully read the card over the range of speeds
that the customer
might reasonably attempt to move the card.
7. The customer
should receive tactile feedback when presenting the card to
the card reader, as well as
feedback when the card is read successfully.
2.1.2 Checks
1. The station
should check the parity of each character. Each data character
will be encoded on the card
with an odd parity bit.
2. The station should do a Longitudinal Redundancy Character
(LRC) check. The
LRC is a check character for the remaining data on the magnetic stripe.
The
first four bits in the LRC check the corresponding bits in the other
characters on
the magnetic stripe. Each bit is an even parity bit that checks
the corresponding bits in the
other characters on the card. The fifth LRC
bit is an odd parity bit for the LRC itself.
3. The station should check the format of Calling Cards for proper layout of
the data
on the card. The format is specified in Section 2.1.3. If the four
digits of the PIN are
zeros, the actual PIN is not on the card.
4. It is desired that the station not check
the expiration or effective dates
on the card.
2.1.3 Card Characteristics
1. Calling Card characteristics are covered thoroughly in Reference (3). Both
Calling
Cards and CCCs will adhere to standards set by the American National
Standards Institute
(ANSI) and the American Bankers Association (ABA).
2. The Calling Card data will be
contained on Track 2. The first character
will be a start sentinel. The next six characters
will be a one-digit major
industry identifier, and a five-digit issuer identifier. A ten-digit
billing
number will be encoded in the next ten characters, followed by a Luhn mod 10
check character and field separator. The next four characters will contain an expiration date.
Following the expiration date, the four-digit Personal
Identification Number (PIN) will be
encoded. The magnetic stripe may also
contain up to another 11 digits of data used to describe
various services.
Three of the characters may be a carrier identifier, or may be unused.
The
next 8 potential characters are, at this time, unused. Unused characters will
not be
encoded on the magnetic stripe. The end sentinel will follow the last
data character, and the
LRC will follow the end sentinel.
3. The start and end sentinels should be transmitted
as DTMF tone D. The
separator characters should be transmitted as DTMF tone C. The LRC should
not
be stored or transmitted as card data. Thus, no more than 39 characters of
magnetic
stripe data will need to be stored by the station.
4. If the last four characters of
the 14-digit Calling Card number are zeros,
the Calling Card PIN is not on the magnetic
stripe. The specific data fields
to be transmitted are specified in Sections in 2.4.
changes in the
format of the card.
2.1.4 Error Feedback
1. The station should provide feedback
to the customer for the following
problems on card presentation and reading:
a.
The magnetic stripe on card is damaged, causing errors in reading.
b. The customer
presented the card in the wrong orientation. The station
should include clear user
instructions, or graphics, on how to present the
card.
c. The card is not an
acceptable CCC or Calling Card (i.e., issuer or
industry identification is inappropriate).
2. It is desired that the station respond to these errors by emitting tones,
or by
sending inband signals to the network, as appropriate. The inband
signals should be sent using
DTMF tones, using the codes defined in Section
2.4.4.
2.2 Customer
Signaling
The station is expected to accommodate three basic customer signaling
functions: carrier selection via either the DTMF key pad, "Select-a-Carrier"
buttons, or carrier pre-selection on the Calling Card; far-end party address
signaling; and
possible manual dialing of billing information. In addition,
the station is expected to
incorporate anti-fraud features.
2.2.1 Carrier Selection
1. The station
should implement either Select-a/c manual dialing of carrier
access codes, or both.
requirements in
Sections 2.2.1.1 and 2.2.1.2.
3. It is desirable that the station accept carrier
specific Calling Cards as
described in Section 2.2.1.3.
2.2.1.1 Separate
Select-a-Carrier Buttons
1. Positive feedback (an appropriate combination of aural,
visual, and
tactile), should be provided when a button is pressed.
2. The number
of buttons should be kept to a reasonable level. It is
suggested that no more than 12 buttons
be provided.
3. When transmitting the number to the local office, that is, when using
the
station as a Select-a-Carrier station, the station should substitute an
access
number or a speed calling code for the button pressed. The access
number may be up to twelve
digits. The speed calling code may combine digits
with the * or # signal.
4. When
transmitting to a processor (dial-up or directly connected, as
described in Sections 2.4.4 and
2.4.5), the station should transmit 10XXX or
*XXX for the button pressed.
2.2.1.2
Manual Dialing of Carrier Access Code
1. The station should transmit all digits dialed
on the key pad as they are
entered.
2.2.1.3 Pre-Selected Carrier on Card
1. If the station reads a Calling Card with a carrier code included on the
magnetic
stripe in the optional field (see Section 2.1.3), the station should
direct the call towards a
processor (as explained in Section 2.4).
2. If the issuer identifier is ‘8555′, the
card is an IC Calling Card issued
by AT&T Communications (ATT/C), even though these cards
will not have a
carrier code in the optional field on the magnetic stripe. These calls
should
be directed towards @Ä&T/C.
2.2.2 Address Signaling
1.
The station should allow the customer to dial the terminating number
before or after carrier
selection.
2. These dialed numbers should be expected from the stations:
a. 0+7/10 Digits
b. 01+Country Code+National Number (7 to 12 digits in CC+NN)
d. (0,1)+800+7 Digits
e. 0-
f.
(1)+555-XXXX
g. (1)+NPA-555-XXXX
h. 950-XXXX, if a carrier is not selected
in another manner.
3. The local office can block all other dialing sequences that may
be dialed.
Thus, it is normally not required for the station to screen for improper
dialing sequences. If a BOC specifies that it is necessary to do so, an
optional feature could
allow the station to block all or most calls not on
the above list.
4. It is
desirable that the station enable new calls to be placed without
reusing a card. The method to
make sequence calls will be determined.
2.2.3 Anti-Fraud Features
1. The
station should prevent the customer from signaling via manipulation
of the switchhook.
2. For loop-start lines, the station should disable the dial until dial tone
is
received. For ground-start lines, the local office can detect DTMF tones
as soon as current is
provided to the station.
3. The station should mute or otherwise control the
transmitter during any
time where an acoustic coupler could be used for fraud purposes. In
transmission of the
card number and whenever the dial is disabled. Specific
requirements on when to mute or
control the transmitter are detailed in
Sections 2.4.4 and 2.4.5.
2.3 End Office
Interface
Electrical and signaling characteristics of the station should meet the
requirements described in: Reference (1) concerning the normal station to
network interface;
Reference (2) concerning abnormal conditions on the local
loop. The station should also meet
requirements specified by the FCC rules
regarding registration of telephone sets.
2.3.1 Features of Line
1. The station should operate on a line with Charge-a-Call class
of service.
This class of service allows only nonsent-paid and free calls. An optional
feature may allow the station to operate on lines without Charge-a-Call class
of service, as
described in Section 2.2.2, item 3.
2 The stations should operate with any electronic
end office commonly in use
by the BOCs.
3. The station should operate on either
standard loop-start or ground-start
lines.
4. Answer supervision cannot be
provided on these lines. Thus, the station
should not depend on answer supervision for any
functions.
2.3.2 Electrical Characteristics
1. The loop current from the
local office to the station will be a minimum
of 23 milliamps at 48 volts DC. It is desirable
that the station operate on
this power level without a supplementary power supply. If the
station needs
more than 23 milliamps current, a supplementary power source may be used.
2. The polarity of the loop should not affect operation of the station.
2.3.3
Signaling Characteristics
1. The station should operate on lines with DTMF signaling,
also know as
Touch-one.
2. When dialing Calling Card, CCC, or IC access numbers,
the station should
transmit digits at a maximum rate of 10 per second. The tone duration
and
interdigit interval should not be less than 50 ms and 45 ms, respectively,
and the
cycle time (sum of tone duration and interdigital time) should not
be less than 100 ms. It is
desirable that digits be transmitted at close to
the maximum rate.
2.4 Carrier
and Processor Interfaces
These stations should interface either with a carrier or with
a processor
(designed to interface with one or more carriers), depending on instructions
programmed into the station.
It is proposed that the station be kept simpler by using
identical protocols
to all ICs whenever feasible. Still, the need for different protocols
is
envisioned for direct station-carrier interfaces. Carriers using Feature
Groups A or
B would conform to a single protocol from these stations
(currently undefined). Feature Group
D carriers, except for ATT/C, might need
to conform to another standard protocol. ATT/C,
whether Feature Group C or
D, would use a third protocol. These protocols are described in
Sections
2.4.1 through 2.4.3.
The station would determine which protocol to use based on
the customer’s
actions to select the carrier.
An interface to a processor could
be substituted for the carrier
arrangements. The processor would, in turn, establish and
administer the
interfaces to the ICs. The processor could be dialed up by the station or
directly connected. Call sequences and station actions for dial-up and
directly connected
processors are described in Sections 2.4.4 and 2.4.5,
respectively.
The station
should be programmable to send all calls of certain types to a
dial-up processor, and handle
others by the protocols described for the
various carriers. Section 2.4.4 specifies the calls
that should cause the
station to dial the processor. The dial-up processor would then handle
the
call set-up for those calls. Calls where the customer begins the call by
dialing a
number or selecting a carrier would be handled using Charge-a-Call
treatment or direct
interfaces to the carriers.
2.4.1 Call protocol for BOC and ATT/C (Feature Group C)
1. BOC and ATT/C (FG C) calls are set up by the customer dialing 0+ the
terminating
number after receiving dial tone. The station should then wait
for the "bong tone"
from the TSPS. The bong tone is defined to be 100 ms or
the DTMF frequencies for the # sign,
941 and 1477 Hz, followed by 1.4 seconds
of dial tone, 350 and 440 Hz. The amplitude of the
signal starts at
-7dBm0/frequency +/- 1dB at -3 TLP. The amplitude of the dial tone portion
the station can
vary by loop. The range of amplitudes will be determined.
2. The station should be able
to prefix a digit (e.g., ‘9′) before the first
customer-dialed digit. (This feature should
only be used if it cannot be
avoided. This feature could cause human interface problems.)
3. The station should then transmit only the 10 (if PIN not on card) or 14
digits of
the BOC or AT&T Calling Card number (as explained in Section 2.1.3.
4. The station
should begin transmitting the Calling Card number within 500
ms or recognition of the bong
tone. It is desirable that the digits be
transmitted at the maximum rate.
2.4.2
Call Protocol for Feature Groups A or B IC
The call protocol for Feature Groups A or B
ICs will be determined later if
any ICs are interested in being accessed directly by the
stations.
2.4.3 Call protocol for Feature Group D IC
The call protocol for
Feature Group D ICs will be determined later if any ICs
are interested in being accessed
directly by the stations.
2.4.4 Call sequence for Dial-Up Processor
1. The
station should dial the processor number, as programmed, only if a
customer presents a card to
the station first. The station should be able to
store and dial a one-to-seven-digit processor
number.
(EXCEPTION) ((If an AT&T Calling Card is presented to the station first,
the
station should store the card number and handle the call as described in
Section
2.4.1.))
2. When a processor is connected, the station should detect a bong tone
that
indicates the processor is ready to receive DTMF signals. The station should
then
transmit a calling station identification (up to ten digits, if
required),DTMF tone ‘D’ and
all the data from track 2 of the magnetic stripe
of the Calling Card or CCC, DTMF tone ‘D’
again, and the carrier access code
(10XXX), if a carrier is selected. The processor will have
announcements to
prompt the customer, but the station should transmit the data after
detecting
the processor tone, or as soon as the customer provides the information,
whichever is later.
3. The station should begin transmitting the calling station
identification
within 500 ms of recognition of the tone. It is desirable that the digits be
4. The station should disable the transmitter in
the handset during
transmission of the processor number until the card number and DTMF tone
‘D’,
a 3 digit code, and DTMF tone ‘D’ again for these messages to the processor:
CODE MESSAGE
011 Card not readable (failed parity check)
002 Not an ANSI-standard
Card
003 Self-diagnostic indication of card reader trouble
08X,09X Give announcements in
specified language
Other codes and messages will be assigned when needed.
6. The station should allow the customer to dial the terminating number or
carrier codes any
time after the billing data are transmitted.
7. If the customer dials a number first
(could include dialing a carrier),
the station should transmit all digits dialed and monitor
for a bong tone.
If it detects a bong tone, it should transmit a 14-digit Calling Card
number
if one was read, or allow manual dialing; if no bong tone is detected within
five
seconds after the last digit dialed, the station should transmit any
card number read after
that time.
8. If the customer presses a Select-a-Carrier button first, the station
operate the same
as if a number had been dialed first. However, the card data
transmitted may be carrier
specific.
9. After receiving the processor tone, the station should read out the
last
card number read.
2.4.5 Call Sequence for Direct-Connect Processor
or a
Select-a-Carrier button pad when the handset is off-hook.
2. After a card is presented
with the station off-hook, the station should
send DTMF tone ‘D’, the data from track 2 of the
magnetic stripe of the
Calling Card or CCC, and DTMF tone ‘D’ again. The dial pad should be
disabled
while the station is transmitting the card data.
3. The station should
send the codes described in Section 2.4.4, if
appropriate, instead of the card number.
4. The transmitter should be disabled from the time the handset goes off-hook
until a
card is presented and transmitted, or until a digit is dialed. This
prevents a customer from
acoustically coupling DTMF tone ‘D’ and a stolen or
made-up card number into the handset.
5. If a card is presented first, the station should transmit the carrier
access code
if a carrier is selected, or allow the customer to dial.
6. If a number is dialed
first, the station should not transmit any carrier
codes, and should only transmit card data
after it receives a bong tone, or
waits at least 5 seconds after the last digit dialed and
then reads a card.
2.5 Physical and Other Requirements
The station will be
composed of several major physical components.
2.5.1 General
1. These
requirements specify a station to operate in a public, indoor
environment.
2.
All components of the station should be flame resistant.
3. The station should be built
to withstand the abuse expected in a public
environment.
4. It is desirable that
self diagnostics be designed into the card reader.
5. The station should not be
susceptible to radiated emissions from other
sources that are within legal limits. It is
desirable that the station not
be susceptible to any radiated emissions from other sources
that may
reasonably be encountered.
2.5.2 Card reader
1. The card
reader should be designed such that the reader head cannot be
easily damaged by misuse or
abuse encountered in a public environment.
2.The card reader should be protected to
minimize the frequency of cleaning.
3. The card reader should be easily maintained.
4. The card reader should be physically shielded from the interior of the set
such
that customers cannot access or tamper with the electrical components
of the station.
2.5.3 Dial Pad
1. The dial pad should be will designed from a human factors
standpoint with
respect to button spacing, shape, graphics, and activation feedback.
3. The dial
should be durable. Each key should withstand at least 500,000
depressions before failure.
2.5.4 Handset and Switch-hook
1. On wall sets, the handset should be
connected to the station with a cord
that can withstand a 400 pound tensile test.
2. The handset cord should have enough cutting and shear resistance to
withstand attacks by
tools such as knives or scissors. Tools with cutting
ability equal to or less than 5-inch
diagonal cutters should not be able to
sever the cord.
3. When destroyed while in
service due to any circumstances, the cord should
not create a customer safety hazard.
4. The handset should be manufactured such that it cannot be disassembled by
customers
or field craftspersons. The handset and cord should only be
replaceable by opening the station
housing.
5. The handset should allow people with hearing impairments to use the
telephone with their hearing aids. The station should meet the Electronics
Industries
Association’s Recommended Standard, RS-504, Magnetic Field
Intensity Criteria for Telephone
Compatibility with Hearing Aids, to be
considered hearing aid compatible. This capability
should be shown by use of
a blue grommet on the handset cord.
6. The handset and
switch-hook should be able to withstand at least 200,000
hang-ups before failing.
2.5.5 Station Housing
1. The wall station should be capable of being mounted in
standard enclosures
currently used by BOCs, including 10A-type enclosures and the 178A
backboard.
2. It is desired that the station be equipped with locks to discourage
theft
of the set or tampering with the program codes.
3. Space should be
available on the face of the set to provide instructions
for use of the set, and to place the
telephone number and station location
information.
3. Support
This
section defines the obligations of the supplier to support the station.
Additional
requirements are to be determined.
1. The supplier should provide documentation for the
installation,
maintenance, and testing of the stations.
2. The supplier should
provide satisfactory means for replacement parts.
3. The supplier should have a factory
repair service, or similar means for
refurbishment, for repairs that cannot be made in the
field.
4. The supplier should provide data on the reliability of the station and
each major component.
5. The supplier should have an adequate quality assurance
program, including
a means for handling engineering complaints on product design,
manufacturing,
]: R
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