PrimoPyro1990
…. Thermite Incendiaries and Formulas ….
DISCLAIMER : The
making and possesion of the following devices and mixtures
is probably illegal in most
communities. The incendiaries are
capable of burning in excess of 5400 degrees F. and are
next
to impossible to extinguish. If you make them you accept all
responsibility for
their possesion and use. You also accept
all responsibility for your own stupidity and
carelessness.
This information is intended solely to educate.
All Formulas are by
Weight
Thermites are a group of pyrotechnics mixtures in which a reactive metal
reduces oxygen from a metallic oxide. This produces a lot of heat, slag and
pure metal. The
most common themite is ferroaluminum thermite, made from
aluminum (reactive metal) and iron
oxide (metal oxide). When it burns it
produces aluminum oxide (slag) and pure iron.
Thermite is usually used to cut or weld metal. As an experiment, a 3lb. brick
of thermite was
placed on an aluminum engine block. After the thermite was
done burning, only a small portion
of block was melted. However, the block
was very warped out of shape plus there were cracks
all through the block.
Ferro-thermite produces about 930 calories per gram
The usual
proportions of ferro-thermite are 25% aluminum and 75% iron oxide
The iron oxide usually used
is not rust (Fe2O3) but iron scale (Fe3O4).Rust
will work but you may want to adjust the
mixture to about 77% rust.
The aluminum is usually coarse powder to help slow down the burning
rate.
The chemicals are mixed together thoroughly and compressed into a suitable
container. A first fire mix is poured on top and ignited.
NOTE: Thermites are generally
very safe to mix and store. They are not shock
or friction sensitive and ignite at about 2000
degrees F.
A first fire mix is a mixture that ignites easier than thermite and burns
Potassium Nitrate 5
parts
Fine ground Aluminum 3 parts
Sulfur 2 parts
Mix the above thoroughly
and combine 2 parts of it with 1 part of finely
powdered ferro-thermite. The resulting
mixture can be light by safety fuse
and burns intensely.
One problem with
thermites is the difference in weight between the aluminum
and the oxide. This causes them to
separate out rendering the thermite
useless. One way to fix this is to use a binder to hold
the chemicals to
each other. Sulfur is good for this. Called Diasite, this formula uses
sulfur to bind all the chemicals together. It’s drawback is the thermite
must be heated to
melt the sulfur.
Iron Oxide 70 %
Aluminum 23 %
Sulfur 7 %
Mix the
oxide and aluminum together and put them in an oven at 325 degrees
F. and let the mix heat for
a while. When the mixture is hot sprinkle the
sulfur over it and mix well. Put this back in
the oven for a few minutes
to melt all the sulfur. Pull it back out and mix it again. While it
is
still hot, load into containers for use. When it cools, drill out the
diasite to hold
about 10 - 15 grams of first fire mix.
When diasite burns it forms sulfide compounds that
release hydrogen sulfide
when in contact with water. This rotten egg odor can hamper fire
fighting
efforts.
Thermite can be made not to separate by compressing it under a couple
of
tons pressure. The resulting pellet is strong and burns slower than thermite
powder.
CAST THERMITE: This formula can be cast into molds or containers and hardens
, but it
makes a slag which stays liquid a lot longer. Make a mixtures as
follows.
Plaster of
Paris 2 parts
Fine and Coarse Mixed Aluminum 2 parts
Iron Oxide 3 parts
Mix
together well and and enough water to wet down plaster. Pour it into a
mold and let it sit for
1/2 hour. Pour off any extra water that seperates
out on top. Let this dry in the sun for at
least a week. Or dry in the sun
for one day and put in a 250 degree F. oven for a couple of
hours.
Drill it out for a first fire mix when dry.
THERMITE BOMB: Thermite can be
made to explode by taking the cast thermite
formula and substituting fine powdered aluminum
for the coarse/fine mix.
Take 15 grams of first fire mix and put in the center of a piece of
aluminum
foil. Insert a waterproof fuse into the mix and gather up the foil around
the
fuse. Waterproof the foil/fuse with a thin coat of wax. Obtain a two-
piece spherical mold
with a diameter of about 4-5 inches. Wax or oil the
inside of the mold to help release the
thermite. Now, fill one half of the
mold with the cast thermite. Put the first fire/fuse
package into the center
of the filled mold. Fill the other half of the mold with the thermite
and
assemble mold. The mold will have to have a hole in it for the fuse to stick
out. In
about an hour, carefully separate the mold. You should have a ball
of thermite with the first
fire mix in the center of it, and the fuse
sticking out of the ball. Dry the ball in the sun
for about a week.
DO NOT DRY IT IN AN OVEN !
The fuse ignites the first fire mix which
in turn ignites the thermite.
Since the thermite is ignited from the center out, the heat
builds up in the
thermite and it burns faster than normal. The result is a small explosion.
around. Use this
carefully !
THERMITE WELL: To cut metal with thermite, take a refractory crucible
and
drill a 1/4 in. hole in the bottom. Epoxy a thin (20 ga.) sheet of mild steel
over
the hole. Allow the epoxy to dry. Fill the crucible with ferro-thermite
and insert a first
fire igniter in the thermite. Fashion a standoff to the
crucible. This should hold the
crucible about 1 1/2 in. up. Place the well
over your target and ignite the first fire. The
well works this way.
The thermite burns, making slag and iron. Since the iron is heavier it
goes
to the bottom of the well. The molten iron burns through the metal sheet.
This
produces a small delay which gives the iron and slag more time to
separate fully. The molten
iron drips out through the hole in the bottom of
the crucible. The standoff allows the
thermite to continue flowing out of the
crucible. The force of the dripping iron bores a hole
in the target.
A 2 lb. thermite well can penetrate up to 3/4 in. of steel. Experiment with
flower pot
coated with a magnesium oxide layer. Sometimes the pot cracks
however. Take the cast thermite
formula and add 50% ferro-thermite to it.
This produces a fair amount of iron plus a very
liquid slag.
THERMITE FUEL-AIR EXPLOSION: This is a very dangerous device. Ask
yourself
if you really truly want to make it before you do any work on it.
It is next to
impossible to give any dimensions of containers or weights
of charges because of the
availability of parts changes from one person to
the next. However here is a general
description of this device affectionately
known as a HELLHOUND.
Make a thermite charge
in a 1/8 in. wall pipe. This charge must be
electrically ignited. At the opposite end of the
pipe away from the ignitor
side put a small explosive charge of flash powder weighing about 1
oz.
Drill a small hole in a pipe end cap and run the wires from the ignitor
through the
hole. Seal the wires and hole up with fuel proof epoxy or cement.
Try ferrule cement available
at sporting goods stores. Dope the threads of
the end caps with a good pipe dope and screw
them onto the pipe.
This gives you a thermite charge in an iron pipe arranged so that when the
thermite is electrically ignited, it will burn from one end to the other
finally
setting of the flash powder charge.
Place this device in a larger pipe or very stout metal
container which is
sealed at one end. Use a couple of metal "spiders" to keep the
device away
from the walls or ends of the larger container. Run the wires out through
the wall of the container and seal the wires with the fuel proof epoxy.
Fill the container
with a volatile liquid fuel. Acetone or gasoline works
great. Now seal up the container with
an appropriate end cap and it is done.
The device works like this: Attach a timer-power
supply to the wires. When
the thermite is ignited it superheats the liquid fuel. Since the
container
is strong enough to hold the pressure the fuel does not boil. When the
thermite burns down to the explosive, it explodes rupturing the container
and releasing the
superheated fuel. The fuel expands, cooling off and
making a fine mist and vapor that mixes
with the surrounding air. The hot
thermite slag is also thrown into the air which ignites the
fuel-air mix.
The result is obvious. Try about 1 1/2 lbs of thermite to a gallon of fuel.
dissolve the
epoxy don’t keep this device around for very long.
But ask yourself, do you really want to
make this?
EXOTIC THERMITES: Thermites can also be made from teflon-magnesium or
metal
flourides-magnesium or aluminum. If there is an excess of flouride compound
in the
mixture, flourine gas can be released. Flourine is extremely
corrosive and reactive. The gas
can cause organic material to burst into
flames by mere contact. For teflon-magnesium use 67%
teflon and 33% magnesium
A strong first fire igniter should be used to ignite this mixture.
Both the
teflon and the magnesium should be in powdered form. Do not inhale any
smoke
from the burning mixture.
If you use metal-florides instead of teflon, use flourides of low
energy
metals. Lead flouride is a good example. Try using 90% lead flouride and
10%
aluminum.
Warning: Flouride compounds can be very poisonous. They are approximately
equal to cyanide compounds.
Another exotic mix is tricalcium orthophosphate and aluminum. When
this
burns,it forms calcium phosphide which when contacts water releases hydrogen
phosphide which can ignite spontaneously in air.
Tricalcium orthophosphate has the formula
Ca3(PO4)2 and is known as white-
lockite. Use about 75% orthophosphate and 25% aluminum. This
ratio may have
to be altered for better burning as I have not experimented with it much and
it is a hard to
ignite mixture. A first fire mix containing a few percent
of magnesium works well.
smothering the
thermite with sand. This doesn’t put out the thermite but it
does help contain it and block
some of the heat.
The other way is to flood the thermite with a great amount of water. This
amount of
water, an explosion may result as the thermite may reduce the water
and release hydrogen
gas.
Thermite can start fires from the heat radiating from the reaction. Nearby
flammable substances can catch fire even though no sparks or flame touch
them.
*** Kilroy was here ***
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