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*** C.I.A. FIELD EXPEDIENT ***
*** METHODS FOR ***
*** EXPLOSIVES PREPARATIONS ***
*** SECTION I ***
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PREPARATION OF LEAD PICRATE
Lead Picrate is used as a primary
explosive in the fabrication of detonators.
It is to be used with a booster explosive such as
picric acid or RDX.
MATERIALS REQUIRED (For 1 detonator):
- Litharge (lead
monoxide) (field prepared; also is used in plumbing and
ceramic cements)
- Picric Acid
(field prepared)
- Wood alcohol (methanol) (some antifreezes and paint removers)
-
Wooden or plastic rod
- Dish or saucer (china or glass)
- Teaspoon
- Improvised
scale
PROCEDURE:
1. Weigh out 2 grams (or equal amounts) by weight of
picric acid and lead
monoxide.
2. Add the picric acid to 2 teaspoons (10 ml) of
methanol in a container
(dish or saucer) and stir.
3. Add lead monoxide and
stir.
4. Continue stirring and allow the alcohol to evaporate. NOTE: The mixture
will suddenly thicken.
5. Carefully break up this mixture and stir occassionally until
a powder is
formed (a few lumps will remain).
6. Remove and spread out to air
dry. NOTE: if possible, dry at 100 degrees
C (212 F) for two hours.
* * *
PREPARATION OF PICRIC ACID FROM ASPIRIN
Picric acid can be used as a booster
explosive in detonators or as an
intermediate to preparing lead picrate or DDNP.
MATERIAL REQUIRED:
- Aspirin, 20 tablets (5 grain/tablet)
- Alcohol, 95% pure
- Potassium
nitrate (saltpeter)
- Water
- Canning jar (1 pint)
- Hot water bath
- Paper
towels (for filter)
- Glass tube or rod
- Glass containers
- Dish (ceramic or
glass)
- Heat source
- Cup
- Teaspoon
PROCEDURE:
1.
Crush 20 tablets of aspirin in a glass container and work into a paste
with a teaspoon of
water.
2. Add approximately 1/3 - 1/2 cup (100 ml) of alcohol with stirring and
filter through a paper towel into another glass container.
If aspirin is pure enough
(usually cheap priced aspirin are) then Steps 1, 2
and 3 can be omitted and can proceed and
add crushed aspirin to Sulfuric Acid.
3. Discard the solid left on the paper and pour
the liquid from the container
into the dish. Evaporate the alcohol and water on a hot water
bath, leaving a
white powder.
4. Add this white powder to 1/3 cup (80 ml) of
concentrated sulfuric acid in
a canning jar.
5. Heat the jar in a simmering hot
water bath for 15 minutes and remove.
Stir; solution will gradually turn black.
6. Add 3 level teaspoons (15 gm) of potassium nitrate in three portions with
vigorous
stirring. After heating put jar in cold water and add potassium
nitrate.
7. Allow
the yellow-orange solution to cool to room temperature with
intermittent stirring. Solution is
darker than yellow-orange.
8. Pour the solution into 1-1/4 cups (300 ml) of water (cold
if possible) and
allow to cool. Upon pouring, solution is now yellow-orange.
9.
Filter the mixture through a paper towel and wash the light yellow
material (picric acid) with
1/8 cup (25 ml) of water through paper towel. Takes
considerable time to filter if genuine
filter paper is used.
10. Dry at 160-200 degrees F for two hours. The yield is 4.0-4.5
grams.
* * *
TETRAMMINECOPPER (II) CHLORATE
Tetramminecopper
(II) chlorate is a primary explosive that can be made from
sodium chlorate, copper sulfate,
and ammonia.
MATERIAL REQUIRED:
- Sodium chlorate (obtain as medicine,
weed killer, defoliant, or by field
method)
- Copper sulfate (obtain as insecticide,
water purifying agent, or by field
method)
- Ammonium hydroxide (obtain as household
ammonia or smelling salts)
- Alcohol, 95% pure
- Wax or clay
- Water
-
Narrow mouth bottle (wine or coke)
- Wide mouth bottles (mason jars)
- Tubing (rubber,
copper, steel)
- Teaspoon
- Improvised scale
- Heat source
- Paper towel
(for filter)
- Pan
PROCEDURE:
1. Measure 1/3 teaspoon (2.5 gm) of
sodium chlorate in a wide mouth bottle,
then add 10 teaspoons of alcohol.
2. Add
1 teaspoon (4 gm) of copper sulfate and stir the mixture just under
the boiling point for 30
minutes (heat can be supplied by a pan of hot water).
The mixture will change color. NOTE:
Keep solution away from flame.
3. Keep volume of the solution constant by adding
additional alcohol about
every 10 minutes. Remove solution and let cool. Filter through folded
paper
towels into another wide mouth bottle. Keep the liquid.
4. Add 1 cup (250
ml) of ammonia to the narrow mouth bottle. Placing tubing
that it extends about 1-1/2 inches
inside bottle, then seal tubing to bottle
with wax (pitch, clay, etc.).
5. Place
tubing into solution from step (3) such that the end of the tubing
is projected about 3/4 of
the way into the solution. If the narrow mouth bottle
is not taller than the wide mouth
bottle, then elevate the narrow mouth bottle
so than the tubing falls into the flask.
….
. ..
. ..
. .. Tubing
III ..
I.I ..
I.I ..
I I ..
I I ..
I///////I ..
Ammonia I///////I I .. I
I///////I I**..**I Solution
I///////I I**..**I
IIIIIIIII I******I
Heat IIIIIIII
6. Bubble ammonia gas through solution until color of the solution changes
from a
light green to a dark blue (approximately 10 minutes) and continue
bubbling for another ten
minutes.
CAUTION: At this point the solution is a primary explosive. Keep away from
7. Reduce the volume of the solution to about 1/3 of its original volume
by
evaporating in the air or in a stream of air.
8. Filter crystals through a
folded paper towel and wash once with 1 teaspoon
alcohol, dry overnight (16 hours).
container.
* * *
POTASSIUM (OR SODIUM) NITRATE AND LITHARGE (LEAD MONOXIDE)
Either of
the nitrates are needed to prepare DDNP and litharge is required for
the preparation of lead
picrate.
MATERIAL REQUIRED:
- Lead metal (small pieces or chips)
-
Potassium (or sodium) nitrate
- Wood (methyl) alcohol
- Iron pipe with closed end or cap
(one end only)
- Iron rod (screwdriver)
- Paper towels
- Glass jars, wide mouth (2
each)
- Pan (metal)
- Heat source (such as hot coals or blow torch)
- Improvised
scale
- Cup
PROCEDURE:
1. Mix 12 grams of lead and 4 grams of
potassium (or sodium) nitrate. Place
the mixture in the iron container (iron pipe) and heat in
a hot bed of coals or
by a blow torch for hour or more.
2. Remove the container
and allow to cool. Chip out the yellow solid with
the screwdriver and add to 1/2 cup (120 ml)
of methyl alcohol in the jar.
Orange-Brown solid, cream color in alcohol.
3. Heat
the mixture in a pan of hot water until it reacts. Solution turns
darker upon heating.
4. Filter the mixtrue through a paper towel into the second jar.
5. The solid
left on the paper is lead monoxide. Wash it through paper
twice, using 1/2 cup (120 ml) hot
water each time and air dry before using in
explosive preparation (for example, lead
picrate).
6. Place the jar with the liquid in the hot water and heat until alcohol
has
evaporated. The remaining powder is the nitrite, snowy liquid; some white
powder
appears but not much.
NOTE: Sodium nitrite has a strong tendency to absorb water from
the
atmosphere and should be stored in a closed container.
* * *
PREPARATION OF COPPER SULFATE (PENTAHYDRATE)
Copper sulfate is a required material for
the preparation of TAC.
MATERIAL REQUIRED:
- Copper wire or pieces
-
Sulfuric acid (battery)
- Potassium nitrate or nitric acid (field grades)
- Alcohol
- Two heat resistant glasses or jars, one pint
- Paper towels
- Metal
pan (for hot water bath)
- Wooden rod
- Improvised scale
- Cup
PROCEDURE:
1. Place 10 grams of copper into one of the jars and add one cup (240 ml)
of
sulfuric (battery) acid. To this mixture add 12 grams of potassium nitrate, or
1-1/2
teaspoons of nitric acid. NOTE: Nitric acid gives a product of greater
purity.
2.
Heat the mixture on a hot water bath (near boiling) until the bubbling has
ceased (requires
about two hours).
CAUTION: This reaction evolves strong toxic fumes and therefore must
be
performed in an open, well ventilated area.
3. Pour the hot blue liquid into a
second vessel (keeping the unreacted
copper in the first jar) and allow to cool at room
temperature.
4. After the crystals have formed, carefully pour away the liquid and
break
up the crystals. Then add 1/2 cup (120 ml) of alcohol to the powder and stir.
paper three
times, using 1/2 cup (120 ml) portions of the alcohol each time.
6. Allow the product
to air dry for two hours.
* * *
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