THE ARMED CITIZEN

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THE ARMED CITIZEN (from the NRA Magazine, “AMERICAN RIFLEMAN”)

Mere presence of a firearm, without a shot being fered, prevents crime in
many instances, as shown by news reports sent to The Armed citizen. Shooting
usually can be justified only where crime constitutes an immediate, imminent
threat to life or limb or in some circumstances, property. The accounts
below are from clippings sent in by NRA Members. Anyone is free to quote
or reproduce them.

Bill Hazen was in his cabin near Bakersfield, Calif., shortly
after mid- night when an intruder forced a slid- ing glass door. The
Los Angeles minister was armed and ordered the man outside. During
an ensuing scuf- fle the attacker ran, but an ac- complice appeared
in a pickup truck and tried to run down Hazen. The minister fired at
the advancing truck and when the vehicle stopped, its oc- cupant got
out and said, “I counted six shots; you’re out and now I’m going to
get you.” Hazen fired his large-capacity semi-automatic once more,
dropping his adversary. Both men were taken into custody by
sheriff’s deputies. (The Californian, Bakersfield, Calif. 10/25/89)

Wilson Brown, 84, and his wife were watching television in their
Pit- tsburgh, Pa., home when a man climbed through their apartment
win- dow. The intruder wanted money, and Brown gave him $2–all he
had. But the robber wasn’t satisfied, and he put a knife to the
wife’s throat and demanded more. Brown went to the bedroom, returned
with a revolver and fired on his wife’s assailant. He let go of her
and jumped out the win- dow. (The Press, Pittsburgh, Pa. 9/22/89)

New York, N.Y., businessman Richard Rand was walking from his car
to his house when a man ran up behind him and tried to grab his
money bag. The robber hit Rand over the head and threw ammonia in
his face, but Rand managed to draw his licensed revolver and fatally
shoot his attacker. (The Post, New York, N.Y. 9/28/89)

Paul Green was on his way to buy cigarettes at a Hot Springs,
Ark., gas station when he spotted the flash from a large knife in
the attendant’s cubicle. Armed with a handgun, Green investigated
and found a knife-wielding thug stealing money. He told the man to
freeze, but the robber tried to stab him. Green fired once, killing
the masked would-be thief–a parolee with a long record of violent
crime. The female station at- tendant was not injured. (The Arkan-
sas Gazette, Little Rock, Ark. 10/28/89)

A 24-year-old Daytona Beach, Fla., woman heard noises in the back
bedroom of her home, and when she investigated she was attacked by a
man who tried to pull off her clothes. The pair struggled, but the
woman broke free and ran to a closet, where she quickly loaded her
revolver. She fired from inside the closet; the would-be rapist
fled. (The News- Journal, Daytona Beach, Fla. I 1/2/89)

When Stanley Cook was parking his car outside his East Point,
Ga., apartment, a man put a gun to his head and demanded money. Cook
pushed the pistol aside and pulled a revolver from a bag in the car.
He fired on his assailant, killing him. Al- though Cook was ordered
to appear in court on involuntary manslaughter charges, police
expected the charges to be dropped. (The Journal and Constitution,
Atlanta, Ga. 9/12/89)

“Give me all you got, buddy,” a knife-wielding robber ordered
Anderson, Ind., resident Link Oliver as he walked down the street.
The 61-year-old man responded by draw- ing a handgun. Oliver tried
to lead his adversary to a nearby store, but the man dropped the
knife and ran away. (The HeraldlBulletin, Ander- son,lnd. 10/10/89)

Bruce Paquette and a friend were hunting in the vicinity of
Merrimack, N.H., when they came across a group of vandals ransacking
a car. The hunters ordered the foursome to stop and held them at
gunpoint until police arrived to take them into cus- tody. (The
Monitor, Concord, N.H. 10/16/89)

A pregnant Weverton, Md., woman was washing the dishes when she
heard a doorknob rattling. She saw a ski-masked man trying to break
in, and she raced to a bedroom to grab her husband’s revolver.
While she was on the phone to police, the prowler broke out a
kitchen window to gain entry. The 23-year-old woman fired a shot
into the floor; the man fled. (The Morning Herald, Hagerstown, Md.
11/2/89)

When the glass shattered in her kitchen door and a man’s arm
reached in, Theresa Knox of Char- lotte, N.C., ran for the bedroom
to get her handgun. The resident told him to stop, but the intruder
opened the door. Knox fired as he came toward her but missed. The
man began smashing windows and then advanced toward the woman again;
she then shot and killed him. (The Observer, Charlotte, N.C.
10/27/89)

An armed man wearing a bandan- na around his face walked into an
Austin, Tex., pharmacy and told the pharmacist he didn’t want any
trouble. Dick Phillips told him there wouldn’t be any if he put the
gun down. The would-be robber refused, and Phillips pulled a handgun
from under the counter and fatally shot the man. Police suspected
the slain man in two other pharmacy hold-ups. (The
American-Statesman, Austin, Tex . 10/17/89)

Joseph Mills’ wife awoke when she heard noises outside their Ash-
land, Va., home. She alerted her hus- band, and they watched a man
who’d been standing on their porch go to a neighbor’s home. Mills
grabbed a handgun and went outside while his wife called police. The
resident caught the prowler jimmying the neighbor’s door, and he
held the man for police. “I wish we had more citizens like that,”
the police chief said. (The News Leader, Richmond, Va. 8/22/89)
THE ARMED CITIZEN (From the February “American Rifleman”)

Mere presence of a firearm, without a shot being fired, prevents
crime in many instances, as shown by news reports sent to The Armed
citizen. Shooting usually can be justified only where crime
constitutes an immediate, imminent threat to life or limb or, in
some circumstances, property. The accounts below are from clippings
sent In by NRA Members. Anyone is free to quote or reproduce them.

Eighteen-year-old Vern Benadom was home sick when he heard some-
one enter his family’s Ridgecrest, Calif., home. He went to his
parents’ bedroom, got a shotgun, loaded it and waited in a closet.
When one of two intruders entered the room and began grabbing guns,
Benadom stepped from the closet and ordered the prowler to put up
his hands. The student then captured the accomplice and held both
for police. The suspects were identified as escapees from a nearby
youth correctional institute. (The News-Review, Inyokern, Calif.
12/14/89)

An armed robber in Kansas City, Mo., approached a parked car and
told the two women inside to give up their purses. When he demanded
that the male passenger surrender his wallet, the man instead
pulled a revolver and fired. The would-be thief dropped the purses
and his gun and fled. (The Star, Kansas City, Mo. 12/24/89)

Jack Loveland returned to his Larimer County, Colo., home to
find a strange car outside, the front door open and the lights on.
The hunt club manager took a shotgun from his truck and removed the
keys from the strange vehicle. When he saw an intruder move through
the house and toward a back door, Loveland approached the house and
caught the man. The man complied with the resident’s orders to
strip and lie on the ground until authorities arrived to take the
man into custody. (The Coloradan, Fort Collins, Colo. 12/13/89)

Council Bluffs, Iowa, gas station attendant Wilber Childers was
mopping when a ski-masked man entered and demanded money. Childers
struck him with the mop handle and forced him out the door. In
moments another masked robber–armed with a shotgun–tried to rob
the station. The attendant sprinted for the counter and grabbed a
handgun just as the robber fired a blast over his head. Childers
pointed his gun at the man, who said, “Please don’t shoot me,” and
then ran from the building. (The World-Herald, Omaha, Nebr.
12/28/89)

Arvie Young of Memphis, Tenn., awoke and saw a light on in her
home that she knew she’d turned off. When an intruder began
breaking down her bedroom door, the 83-year-old woman, who has the
use of only one arm, reached for a pistol from her bedside table.
She fired once, critically wounding the man before he could enter
the room. (The Commercial Appeal, Memphis, Tenn. 12/13/89)

A 63-year-old Texas City, Tex., man and his wife were asleep
when he heard glass breaking. The resident grabbed a shotgun and
investigated. He confronted an intruder, and when the man lunged at
him the resident fired. A struggle ensued, but the wounded attacker
weakened and was subdued. The intruder later died at a hospital.
(The Sun, Texas City, Tex. 12/18/89)

A Jackson County, Ga., woman had been out hunting near her home,
when she returned to find a strange vehicle parked outside. When
she realized that someone had broken into her house, she shot all
four tires on the car and went to a neighbor’s house to call
police. Sheriff’s deputies found a number of items stolen from the
home that had been dropped in the back yard as the thieves made
their escape. Two men were later arrested and charged with
burglary. (The Herald, Jackson, Ga. 11/29/89)

An armed robber in Chicago, Ill., picked the wrong prey when he
pressed a gun against the back of an off-duty state trooper who was
returning from grocery shopping on the city’s West Side. When the
ski-masked man announced the robbery, the trooper dropped his
groceries, turned and opened fire on the man killing him. (The
Sun-Times, Chicago, Ill. 12/29/89)

Cleveland Palmer, Jr., was asleep on the couch of his Sandusky,
Ohio, home when someone began pounding on his door. The resident
opened the door, but a strange man began pushing his way in, saying
he was going to hurt Palmer. The homeowner ran upstairs and grabbed
a revolver, confronting the intruder on a stairway. Palmer fired on
his advancing assailant, wounding him, but the man kept coming. The
resident fired twice more, halting the attack; the man fled but was
later arrested by police. (The Register, Sandusky Ohio 11/1/89)

A retired New York City policeman was accosted by three men
outside the check-cashing store where he worked. They tried to
force him into a car, but the retiree pulled his licensed gun and
killed one of the men. Two other store employees rushed from the
store with their licensed firearms and captured the slain man’s
brother. The third would-be robber escaped in a vehicle. (The Daily
News, New York, N.Y 1/14/90)

Hearing the sound of breaking glass coming from the monitor in
their 13-month-old baby’s room, a Parkrose, Oreg., couple rushed to
investigate. The mother got there first, finding a naked and
bleeding man in the room. She grabbed the child and ran from the
room, just as Howard Prink arrived with his handgun. When the
intruder lunged at the resident, despite repeated warnings, Prink
fired a single shot–killing the man. (The Oregonian, Portland,
Oreg. 1/8/90)

AMERICAN RIFLEMANTHE ARMED CITIZEN (From the April “American Rifleman”)

Mere presence of a firearm, without a shot being fired, prevents
crime in many instances, as shown by news reports sent to The Armed
citizen. Shooting usually can be justified only where crime
constitutes an immediate, imminent threat to life or limb or, in
some circumstances, property. The accounts below are from clippings
sent In by NRA Members. Anyone is free to quote or reproduce them.

Dudley Pearce, a door-to-door salesman from South Macon, Ga., was
making one of his regular stops when the son of a customer asked
for a ride. Pearce agreed, but after the two drove away, the
passenger pulled a knife and demanded the 82-year-old salesman’s
wallet. The assailant ordered Pearce to pull over, got out and
walked around toward the driver’s side. Meanwhile, Pearce reached
under the seat and pulled a revolver, telling the would-be robber
not to come any closer. The man continued to approach, and the
elderly salesman fired a single, fatal shot.
(The Telegraph and News, Macon, Ga. 1/21/90)

David Latimer was asleep in his Sunnyvale, Calif., home when five
men armed with clubs broke into the house and began beating his
roommates in an apparent robbery attempt. Armed with a shotgun,
Latimer went to the living room where he encountered one of the
intruders in an attack stance with a club. The 20-year-old fired,
wounding the assailant and stopping the attacks. (The Peninsula
Times Tribune, Palo Alto, Calif. 1/16/90)

Hialeah, Fla., merchant Peter Seaman was tending his store when a
knife-wielding man entered the store with the blade against the
throat of Seaman’s friend. The thug robbed the friend and demanded
money from the owner. Seaman moved as if to open the register, but
came up instead with a handgun. When the would-be robber lunged at
him with the knife, the 76-year-old shopkeeper opened fire, killing
the man. (The Herald, Miami, Fla. 1/23/90)

Three men entered a Valdosta, Ga., store and began looking around.
When two customers left the store, one of the men brought a beer to
the register, and when manager Walter Shaw rang up the sale, one of
the trio pulled a gun and fired. The manager ran for his own gun
picked it up and shot once–killing the armed man. The two
accomplices begged Shaw not to shoot them, and he held the pair for
police. (The Daily Times, Valdosta, Ga. 1/3/90)

Bridgeton, Ind., resident Gregg Hayes didn’t answer when a stranger
came knocking at the door. The homeowner watched the prowler circle
the house and come back to the front door, where he began forcing
the door. When the man broke in, Hayes shot at him with a
revolver–putting the would-be burglar to flight. The fleeing
break-in artist couldn’t start his getaway car, however, and Hayes
held the man for police. He was a suspect in a series of home
burglaries. (The Tribune-Star, Terre Haute, Ind. 1/8/90)

At a Sauget, Mo., gas station, a man approached attendant James
Davis and asked to use the restroom. Davis replied that the station
didn’t have one, and the man went to his car, got a tire iron,
smashed through the glass door and demanded money from the cash
register. The attendant had grabbed a semi-auto pistol, and when
the robber cornered him in a storage area, Davis shot and killed
his attacker. (The Post-Dispatch, St. Louis, Mo. 2/5/90)

Pipe shop co-owner Jim Willis was working in a back room of the
Shreveport, La., store when two men entered. One demanded money
from the register while the other pulled a gun and threatened a
female clerk. Willis came out of the back armed with a shotgun,
and in an exchange of gunfire he killed one of the robbers and
wounded the other. (The Morning Advocate, Baton Rouge, La. 1/20/90)

Hearing glass break in her Detroit, Mich., home, Gwendolyn Sherrill
woke her mother and then armed herself to investigate. As she was
closing the front door she was.attacked; Sherrill fired, wounding
a knife-wielding assailant. The suspect was later identified by
police as the person responsible for a previous attack on an
elderly couple in which an 82-year-old housewife was raped. (The
News, Detroit, Mich. 1/23/90)

Municipal Judge Charles Margiotti, Jr., heard glass breaking in his
East Falls, Pa., home, and he got his revolver and went downstairs
to investigate. He saw a man with a shiny object in his hand
climbing through the window; the judge shot and wounded the
intruder. Police found a screwdriver in the man’s hand. And
the judge found a gun lying outside that had apparently been
dropped by the would-be burglar. (The Daily News, Philadelphia, Pa.
1/4/90)

The armed man who intended to rob a Renton, Wash., gunshop should
have been forewarned by the police cruiser he had to walk past to
enter the store, and the uniformed officer standing just inside the
door. Belatedly noticing the policeman, the would-be robber began
shooting at him. The officer and a store clerk armed with a
semi-auto pistol returned fire, fatally wounding the man. (The
Valley Daily News, Renton, Wash. 2/4/90)

Edward Denton of Cleveland, Tenn., heard someone kicking at his
front door, and the resident was able to get his handgun before an
intruder burst into the home. The 69-year-old homeowner fired on
the man, at which point the intruder left the house. Denton went to
his bedroom to reload, and his attacker returned to try to enter
the bedroom. The elderly resident pointed his gun at the man, who
this time decided to flee the home. (The Daily Banner, Cleveland,
Tenn. 12/14/89) THE ARMED CITIZEN (From the May “American Rifleman”)

Mere presence of a firearm, without a shot being fired, prevents
crime in many instances, as shown by news reports sent to The Armed
citizen. Shooting usually can be justified only where crime
constitutes an immediate, imminent threat to life or limb or, in
some circumstances, property. The accounts below are from clippings
sent in by NRA Members. Anyone is free to quote or reproduce them.

Following a fire at his Houston, Tex., home, Kenneth Root began
sleeping in his garage. He was awakened by the sound of someone
forcing his garage door late one night, and when three men broke in
he was ready. Root, who is paralyzed from the waist down, raised
his revolver and fatally shot one of the men, the other two fled.
(The Chronicle, Houston, Tex. 1/28/90)

Two fishermen were parked on Roberts Island, Calif., when a trio of
men drove up and demanded money. After being thrown to the ground
by one of the would-be robbers, one fisherman pulled a revolver and
fired it into the air. The culprits fled but were soon collared by
sheriff’s deputies. (The Record, Stockton, Calif. 3/06/90)

Hearing screams for help in the early morning hours, two Newport
News, Va., citizens came to the assistance of a woman being
attacked by a would-be rapist. After being confronted by the first
citizen on the scene, the assailant was held at gunpoint by the
second neighborhood man to arrive. The 27-year-old suspect was
turned over to police and charged with abduction, attempted rape
and the use of a gun in a crime.
(The Daily Press, Newport News, Va. 11/10/89)

A man browsing in Travis Williams’ Modesto, Calif., coin shop
suddenly pulled a gun and announced a holdup. But just at that
moment a customer rattled the shop door, which is kept locked,
distracting the would-be robber. Williams was able to draw his own
handgun and fire, fatally wounding his assailant.
(The Bee, Modesto, Calif. 2/14/90)

Hearing footsteps in the middle of the night in his Denver car
business, where he also resides, Kendrick Fidler telephoned police,
then armed himself with a handgun and investigated. Fidler
confronted an intruder and ordered him to lie down. When the man
advanced on him, Fidler fired a warning shot. As the man lunged at
him, the citizen fired a fatal shot. A second burglar made good his
escape. (Rocky Mountain News, Denver, Colo. 3/7/90)

Pizzeria owner Charles Kendricks, Sr., of Detroit, Mich., vowed he
would never let his guard down again after being shot during a
robbery back in 1974. When two men ordered subs, brandished a fake
handgun and kicked in a door to attack him, Kendricks, 65, fought
back with his handgun, forcing his assailants to flee. One of the
pair was wounded, the defiant store owner told police. (The Free
Press, Detroit, Mich. 1/3 1/90)

Awakened about midnight by banging at the front door, Margaret
Hilton of Janesville, Calif., found a raging man demanding
admittance. As the man continued to threaten the lives of the two
women and three children in the home, the women called for help
from sheriff’s deputies in the county seat 18 miles away. Finally,
the man blocked the rear door of the house and slammed himself
through the locked front door, where he met four rounds from
Hilton’s revolver. Arrested at the scene, the woman was held in
jail two weeks before her release. The slain man, it turned out,
was a twice-convicted burglar who had just completed a prison term
and was sought for parole violation. (The Lassen County Times,
Susanville, Calif. 3/6/90)

While off-duty Portland, Oreg., policewoman Gloria Lewis used a
restroom in a highway rest area early in the morning, a man
entered, snatched her purse, started to leave, and then approached
her. Lewis warned that she had a gun, and the man fled to the
parking lot, where he and a second man tried to run down the
pursuing officer. Lewis fired one shot, and later that morning a
wounded suspect turned up at an area hospital. He was held on
earlier warrants and suspicion in other crimes. (The Oregonian,
Portland, Oreg. 1/1/90)

An ex-convict who strode into 70-year-old Curtis Hamilton’s Tulsa
home, demanded money and then knocked him down without warning paid
with his life. Hamilton, who said the man was a total stranger,
pulled a handgun and killed his assailant. Police said the incident
was the third in three months in which homeowners had killed
intruders. (The World, Tulsa, Okla. 2/28/90)

Dr. Dorothy Williams of East Memphis, Tenn., was getting ready to
unload groceries from her car when she noticed a man walking up the
sidewalk. Suspicious, she went inside, turned on her lights, and
retrieved her revolver before returning to her car for the
groceries. The man approached, asked directions, and then pulled a
knife and took a swipe at the 68-year-old semi-retired teacher. She
raised her handgun and shot the attacker, critically wounding him.
(The Commercial Appeal, Memphis, Tenn. 3/11/90)

Julie Pollard was asleep on the living room couch of her isolated
Battle Ground, Wash., home when she heard her dog barking outside
and saw a man walking in front of the house. Later, the dog barked
again, and she saw the man shine his flashlight into her son’s
bedroom. Pollard loaded a rifle and went out to investigate. She
confronted the intruder and commanded him not to move. When he
turned toward her, Pollard shot and wounded the suspect and then
detained him for police. The man was on probation for burglary.
(The Reflector, Battle Ground, Wash. 1/30/90)

THE ARMED CITIZEN (From the June “American Rifleman”)

Mere presence of a firearm, without a shot being fired, prevents
crime in many instances, as shown by news reports sent to The Armed
citizen. Shooting usually can be justified only where crime
constitutes an immediate, imminent threat to life or limb or, in
some circumstances, property. The accounts below are from clippings
sent in by NRA Members. Anyone is free to quote or reproduce them.

A Seattle, Wash., man was riding his bicycle when he saw a group
of 20 to 30 young people standing along the street. The bicyclist
crossed the street to avoid them, but some of the group pursued and
attacked him. They pulled him off the bicycle, knocked him to the
ground and continued to beathim. The man drew his registered
handgun and shot one of the youths to halt the attack. The wounded
attacker, who was identified by police as a teen gang member, fled
but was later apprehended by police and charged with assault.
(The Times, Seattle, Wash. 4/12/90)

Cesar Batalon was willing to give an armed robber the money from
the cash register of his Orange County, Calif., service station.
But the man demanded the keys to the safe, and Batalon didn’t have
them and feared the robber wouldn’t believe him. Instead, the
station owner drew his own handgun and shot the robber. The suspect
was soon arrested at another gas station,. where he collapsed from
his wound. (The Daily News, Woodland, Hills, Calif.
4/9/90)

A Salineno, Tex., woman was alone with her two young daughters
when a man attempted to gain entry to the home during the early
moming hours. Failing to enter the front door, the burglar began to
crawl through a window when the woman fired a shotgun, mortally
wounding him. (The Valley Morning Star, Harlingen, Tex. 4/7/90)

Edward Tounjian heard yelling outside his Fontana, Calif., home
and went outside to check his vehicles. Suddenly an angry neighbor
started yelling at him and fired a shot in the air. Tounjian
retreated to his home and armed himself. The neighbor followed
Tounjian into his home armed with a bowie knife and handgun. After
the man ignored orders to stop and drop his weapons, Tounjian shot
and killed him. (The Daily ReportlProgress Bulletin, Ontario,
Calif. 3/24/90)

Betty Quinn was in bed with her husband in their Bradenton,
Fla., mobile home when she heard noises and found a man stealing
the family VCR. She returned to the bedroom to wake her husband,
who armed himself with a handgun and ordered the burglar to the
floor. The man refused and moved toward the kitchen, where Mrs.
Quinn was calling police, so Quinn shot and wounded him. Taken into
custody by sheriff’s deputies, the man awaited charges.
(The Herald, Bradenton, Fla. 4/6/90)

Sitting in his Bonnyman, Ky., home, 80-year-old Charles McIntosh
heard the burglar alarm sound in his daughter’s home next door.
While investigating, the armed McIntosh was attacked by a
33-year-old intruder but managed to fatally shoot him.
(The Herald-Leader, Lexington, Ky. 3/16/90)

John Nieves was tending bar in Philadelphia when six robbers
came in shooting. The intruders shot a customer in the face and
then held a shotgun to Nieve’s face. Knocking away the gun, Nieves
came up firing with a handgun he had purchased that moming, killing
one robber and wounding another. The remainder fled, with a third
apprehended later by lawmen. (The Daily News, Philadelphia, Pa.
4/11/90)

When Cora Moore of Chattanooga, Tenn., was awakened by noises
outside her front door late at night, she found a man trying to
break down her front door with a piece of outdoor fumiture. When
the man broke in and struck the 70-year-old woman, she managed to
retrieve a handgun and fire twice, wounding her assailant. The man
fled but was soon apprehended by police. (The Times, Chattanooga,
Tenn. 3/1/90)

Although 90-year-old Gena Scarborough owns a couple of guns, she
borrowed a neighbor’s revolver when the neighbor reported someone
breaking into one of Scarborough’s rental properties. Scarborough
waited, and when a man came out carrying a stereo and speakers, she
detained him until police arrived. (The Times, Dallas, Tex. 4/6/90)

A Salem Township, Mich., couple was awakened by a man who
entered their bedroom armed with knives in both hands. The
homeowner pushed his woman companion from the room, shutting
himself in with the intruder. The woman promptly returned with a
shotgun and ordered the stranger to drop his knives. While she
covered the man, her companion loaded a second shotgun to hold the
would-be robber for sheriff’s deputies. (The News, Ann Arbor, Mich.
4/14/90)

Lois Titchnell was working behind the counter at her Clarksburg,
W.Va., grocery when a man walked in, placed a six pack of beer on
the counter, pulled a gun and demanded money from the cash
register. Titchnell responded with her own revolver, prompting the
would-be robber to flee the store. Titchnell got the license number
of the robber and his companion, and the pair was promptly collared
by the local police chief and a sheriff’s deputy. The pair was
charged, as well, with another armed robbery the previous day. (The
Gazette, Charleston, W.Va. 4/11/90)

Cuogn Nguyen was in his Westminster, Calif., restaurant when
three men entered, threatened him with a sharp weapon and demanded
money from the cash register. Nguyen, 53, pulled a pistol and shot
one of the robbers, killing him. The other suspects were arrested
by police outside the restaurant. (The Orange County Register,
Santa Ana, Calif. 4/16/90)

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• The Armed Citizen
• Stealing Money from the COMPANY
• ‘MOST WANTED HACKER HIT THE WRONG VICTIM’
• The Purpose Behind Projectiles
• Cap Gun Conversion II

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The Armed Citizen, June 1992

Vincent McCarthy wasn’t afraid to lend a hand when he noticed a
police officer struggling with a couple at the side of the road.
He tried to help subdue the man, who was kicking the officer in
the face. Despite McCarthy’s warnings, when the man pressed his
assault, the tour boat captain shot him once in the leg with a
.25 automatic he is licensed to carry and stopped the attack.
Neither the officer nor McCarthy were seriously injured in the
fracas. (The Daily Commercial, Leesburg, Fla., 4/10/92)

T.J. Namen credits his insomnia with helping him nab two teens
who were breaking into cars in the parking lot of the Anchorage,
Alaska, apartment building he manages. Getting a .22 and sneaking
outside after noticing the two, Namen waited until he heard
breaking glass, then jumped up, announced that he was armed and
held the pair for police. (The Daily News, Anchorage,
Alaska, 3/31/92)

Jack Arnold, 81, thought he had escaped the gang violence of his
North Richmond, Calif., home, when he moved into his motor home
and parked it outside of the city. He was apparently the target
of random violence, however, when a man carrying a knife burst
through the door one evening. After being threatened, struck and
shoved around, Arnold grabbed a 12-ga. and killed the intruder
with a single blast. (The Daily Ledger/Post Dispatch,
Pittsburg, Calif., 3/5/92)

Peter DelFranco, owner of a Bridgeport, Conn., pizza shop,
ordered a man out of the store after he tried to get change for a
roll of “dimes” actually containing pennies. Instead of leaving,
the man stepped behind the counter, feigned having a gun and
started taking money from the cash register. DelFranco fired a
single shot from his pistol, putting the man to flight. A wounded
suspect was found nearby. (The Post, Bridgeport, Conn.,
1/15/92)

A would-be armed robber found it never pays to bring a knife to a
gunfight when he vaulted a counter of Walter Krasowski’s Chicago
coin shop and slashed him with a butcher’s knife. Krasowski
pulled a .45 revolver, fired and wounded his assailant twice. The
man fled, with Krasowski in pursuit. Police found the man lying
in the street, with Krasowski holding him at gunpoint. (The
Daily Southtown Economist, Chicago, Ill., 3/20/92)

Mike Court was finishing his day’s work by making a bank run for
the Tampa, Fla., store where he works. As he prepared to make the
deposit, a robber stepped up and demanded the money. Instead,
Court pulled his own .380 and, after a short discussion, the two
began to shoot it out. The exchange ended when Court wounded the
criminal. “If I’d given him the money, who’s to say he wouldn’t
have shot me anyway,” Court pondered. (The Times, St.
Petersburg, Fla., 2/20/92)

Apparently intent on burglary, two hoods cut the phone lines to
Floris Gold’s Cape Ferrelo, Oreg., home. They were busy forcing
their way into the basement when confronted by the
72-year-old-homeowner, fleeing when they noticed she was carrying
a shotgun. One fired a shot as he was running–missing
Gold–which earned him a charge of attempted murder when police
caught up with him and his accomplice a short time later. (The
Curry Costal Pilot, Brookings, Oreg., 2/12/92)

Increased crime prompted Angelo Accurso to get a permit to keep a
gun in his Buffalo, N.Y., market. He put it to good use when a
man walked in one morning and began to beat him with a piece of
pipe. Although seriously injured, Accurso managed to pull his
pistol and loosed several shots. Severely wounded, Accurso’s
attacker staggered from the store and collapsed on the street.
(The News, Buffalo, N.Y., 4/3/92)

After entering through an unlocked back door of an Alcolu, S.C.,
woman’s home, the man put an extension cord around the woman’s
neck and told her not to scream. Thinking quickly, the woman fell
to the floor and grabbed a rifle kept under the couch, prompting
her attacker to flee. (The Item, Sumter, S.C., 2/8/92)

Even though Pizza Hut has a policy against drivers carrying
firearms, a Pensacola, Fla., delivery man decided his own safety
was more important than company policy and took his pistol with
him. He needed it one evening when three criminals tried to rob
him. Making the delivery, the man decided he didn’t like what he
saw. Telling the trio he was getting their drinks, he instead got
his 9 mm. When one of the group yelled “Die!” and fired a shot,
the delivery man ducked behind his car and returned fire, driving
them away. A company official later said the man would keep his
job. (The News Journal, Pensacola, Fla., 1/29/92)

James Summey of Lincolnton, N.C., got the drop on two men who had
broken into his son’s home and was holding them at gunpoint while
his wife phoned police. He almost made a fatal mistake, however,
when he agreed to let one of the housebreakers get a cigarette.
Instead of tobacco, the man came up with a .25 auto and fired
several shots at Summey; all missed. Summey returned fire with
his .44 Mag., prompting the gunman to cease hostilities and wait
quietly for police. His accomplice fled, but turned himself into
soon after. “If Mr. Summey had wanted to harm one of them, he
could have really done it,” a detective later said. (The
Lincoln Times-News, Lincolnton, N.C., 2/19/92)

Armed Citizen, July 1992

David Shanley was content to let the two men who taken money from
the register of his liquor store flee until one pulled a gun and
threatened to kill him. When that happened, Shanley, a former New
York City police officer, drew his own gun and opened fire,
wounding both robbers. Both fled but were apprehended by police
while seeking medical treatment for their wounds. (Newsday,
Long Island, N.Y., 4/10/92)

When his stepfather began beating a 16-year-old Kalispell, Mont.,
youth’s mother, the boy ordered him to stop. When the man–who
had a history of alcohol-induced attacks against the
family–continued his attack, the teen got a rifle and shot the
man once, killing him. “The boy clearly was justifiably concerned
about the welfare of his mother and younger brother and sister
when he shot,” said the county attorney. “I am convinced he
prevented serious injury or deaths with what he did.” (The
Daily Inter Lake, Kalispell, Mont., 2/21/92)

Six burglaries in one week were enough for Todd Bridges, the
manager of several Wichita, Kans., muffler shops. Armed with his
AR-15, he found his late-night stakeout rewarded when a man broke
into the shop early one morning. Bridges ordered the man to halt,
but when the burglar began running towards some storage racks at
the back of the shop, fired three shots, hitting him once. “I
didn’t want him to get back there and start taking shots at me,”
said Bridges. (The Eagle, Wichita, Kans., 3/27/92)

Wearing a mask and armed with a sawed-off shotgun, a man bent on
robbery entered Reid’s Mart in Hubert, N.C., just as owner Steve
Reid was closing for the night. Reid at first thought it was a
joke, but when it became evident that the gunman meant business,
Reid pulled his 9 mm from his back pocket and fired a single
shot, striking the crook in the chest, killing him. (The Daily
News, Jacksonville, N.C., 3/25/92)

Answering a knock at the door early one morning, Leon Peterson of
Cottonwood Heights, Utah, found no one there. When the knocking
continued on another door to the home, Peterson got his pistol.
When he opened the door, several teenagers crashed in, one
swinging a baseball bat. After issuing several warnings, Peterson
unleashed several shots, killing the bat-wielding intruder.
Police said Peterson was justified in shooting the intruder and
arrested several suspects, including Peterson’s estranged wife,
alleging she hired the youths to burglarize the home and retrieve
the couple’s daughter. (The Deseret News, Salt Lake City,
Utah, 4/15/92)

Napping in her rural Mission, Tex., home with her two children,
Vanessa Cooper heard a car pull up, and, looking out the window,
saw an unfamiliar car in the driveway. Fearing for the safety of
her children, Cooper picked up a pistol and went to investigate.
She found a man in the living room, and when he ignored her
questions on why he was there and lunged at her, Cooper fired,
killing the intruder. (The Valley Morning Star, Harlingen,
Tex., 3/13/92)

Faced with a semi-auto held by a man demanding money, the clerk
of a Terrytown, La., convenience store handed over the money from
the cash register, but then pulled a .357 Mag. revolver and fired
three times, killing the would-be robber. Police anticipated no
charges against the clerk, saying “(he) was definitely in fear of
his life.” (The Times-Picayune, New Orleans, La., 2/6/92)

Covering the rioting in Atlanta, Ga., that followed the Rodney
King jury verdict in Los Angeles, a TV-news team found themselves
the targets of the mob. They were rescued, however, when Garnett
Sumpter, the husband of one of their coworkers, happened onto the
scene. Drawing his licensed pistol, Sumpter convinced the mob to
go elsewhere. (The Journal-Constitution, Atlanta, Ga.,
5/5/92)

Out jogging one morning, a Silver Spring, Md., woman was grabbed
from behind and wrestled to a secluded spot. Once there, a
teenager tried to rape the woman, but she fought back and managed
to escape when her assailant slipped and fell. The woman flagged
a ride home and told her husband, who grabbed a gun and jumped
into his car. The man spotted the would-be-rapist near the
assault scene and held him for police. (The Montgomery
Journal, Rockville, Md., 5/13/92)

Odell Smith, Jr., a Birmingham, Ala., cabbie, picked up two men
who turned out to be armed robbers. When the man in the back seat
held a gun to his head and demanded money, Smith instead grabbed
his .38, spun in the driver’s seat and fired three shots. All
three connected, killing the gunman. Smith then shot and wounded
the gunman’s accomplice. “What I did was in self-defense,” Smith
said. (The News, Birmingham, Ala., 4/10/92)

Ron Simpson carries a gun on the job as a midnight-shift service
station attendant in Aurora, Ill. He needed it recently–the
third time in 18 months–when a man walked in, pretended to have
a gun and demanded money from the register. When the robber
dropped his guard, however, Simpson pulled his 9 mm pistol and
held him for police. “The gun’s not there to protect the store;
it’s purely to protect me,” Simpson said. (The Beacon,
Aurora, Ill., 4/23/92)

Wallace Miller’s wife roused him early one morning when she heard
someone talking inside their Cross Lanes, W. Va., home. Getting a
pistol and investigating, Miller found an armed man standing in
the kitchen. Miller first fired a warning shot, but when the
intruder fired a blast from the shotgun he was carrying, Miller
shot the man and drove him from the home. A wounded suspect later
checked into a local hospital. (The Daily Mail, Charleston,
W. Va., 2/25/92)

The Armed Citizen, August 1992

Witnessing two women being repeatedly stabbed in front of his
bicycle shop in Baltimore, Md., Sandy Mandel grabbed his licensed
.45 and went to intervene. He chased the knife-wielding assailant
for a block, but when the attacker turned and raised his knife,
Mandel fired a single shot, wounding him. (The Sun,
Baltimore, Md., 5/15/92)

After finding money missing from her Kennewick, Wash., tavern,
Carol Mae Hodgins decided to start spending the nights in the
business. Alerted when the phone began to ring early one morning,
Hodgins and a friend–both armed with .357s–were ready when a
former employee drove up and used a key to open the door. When he
took money from several games in the bar, Hodgins–a former
security guard–used her gun and a drop kick to hold him for
police. (The Tri-Cities Herald, Kennewick, Wash., 4/11/92)

His wife awakened by the sound of breaking glass outside their
Arlington, Tex., apartment, NRA member Jim Newton grabbed his
AR-15. Outside he found two men trying to steal his wife’s car.
Newton returned fire when one man shot at him, killing the gunman
and putting his accomplice to flight. “It appears that he was
definitely in fear of his life and that he fired in
self-defense,” a police detective said. A handgun found near the
dead man had been fired twice, police said. (The
Star-Telegram, Ft. Worth, Tex., 5/14/92)

Stalking his former girlfriend was a fatal mistake for a Memphis,
Tenn., man after he kicked his way into her home for a second
time in eight months. Not finding the woman at home, the he
stabbed her mother and Donzale Shelby, a family friend, with a
kitchen knife. Although wounded, Shelby grabbed a gun and shot
his attacker once in the chest, mortally wounding him. (The
Commercial Appeal, Memphis, Tenn., 5/30/92)

A convicted felon with a long police record pushed his luck too
far when he attempted to rob the Charleston, S.C., area nightclub
managed by Paul Thomas. Thomas and a female employee were locking
up for the night when the armed robber grabbed the woman, held a
gun to her head and forced them back inside. Playing for time,
Thomas feigned a breathing problem, and when the gunman lowered
his gun, Thomas whipped out a pistol and fired several shots,
killing the man. (The Post and Courier, Charleston, S.C.,
4/14/92)

Delivering pizzas in Syracuse, N.Y., early one morning, John
MacDonald was accosted by two men who tried to steal the pies.
MacDonald tried to keep hold of the pizza bag, but when one of
the pair attacked him with a broomhandle, MacDonald let go of the
bag and drew his pistol. One man fled with the pizzas, but
MacDonald gave the other a ride to the police station in his
delivery car. He is licensed to carry, police said. (The
Herald American, Syracuse, N.Y., 4/19/92)

Araina Thompson, beaten repeatedly by her former boyfriend, knew
a court order would not keep her safe when he was released from
jail, so she took the precaution of buying a pistol. When he
showed up at her Bensalem, Pa., apartment–violating the court
order for the third time–and began to beat her, Thompson got her
pistol and fired, killing the man. (The Trentonian,
Trenton, N.J., 4/25/92)

Victimized by two previous burglaries at his Newport News, Va.,
home, Jonas Norris evened the score when the man returned for a
third try. After entering the home via a window, the burglar’s
movements woke Norris, who fired several shots at him. The man
fled, but a wounded suspect was apprehended while seeking medical
treatment. (The Daily Press, Newport News, Va., 4/23/92)

Hearing screams near their Maple Rapids, Mich., home, Louis and
Cindy Ward investigated and found a large dog attacking an
11-year-old neighbor. As Cindy calmed the girl and distracted the
dog into ceasing its attack, Louis grabbed a shotgun. Hoping to
draw the animal away, Louis picked up a stick and threw it, but
when the dog came after him, Ward shot and killed it. Police
credited Ward’s actions with saving the girl’s life. (The
State Journal, Lansing, Mich., 4/19/92)

Driving to work, Macon, Ga., resident Joe Moody saw a couple who
manage a local grocery being robbed by three armed, masked men.
He paused nearby to tell a security guard to call police, then,
with his .44 Mag., returned to the store. Gun in hand, he hopped
out of his truck and ordered the trio of thugs to scram. They
took the hint and fled. Police later arrested several suspects,
all convicted felons. (The Telegraph, Macon, Ga., 4/21/92)

Mark Rigas was in his Waldoboro, Maine, pizza shop one evening
when a man walked in, waved a gun around and demanded money.
Instead of complying, Rigas pulled his own gun–which he keeps in
the shop forjust such an occasion–and called police. The
would-be robber fled while Rigas was on the phone, but a suspect
was soon arrested. “I work took hard for my money to let some guy
rob me,” said Rigas. (The Courier-Gazette, Rockland, Maine,
4/23/92)

Believing the burglars who took more than $20,000 in tools and
motorcycles from his motorcycle shop in Jeffersonville, Ky.,
would return, Jim Beatty armed himself with a shotgun and waited.
When two men broke in, Beatty forced them from the shop with
several blasts. “They’re greedy,” said Beatty. “That’s the worst
kind of criminal.” (The Courier-Journal, Louisville, Ky.,
3/17/92)

The Armed Citizen, September 1992

David Plasters, a city councilman in Greeley, Colo., picked up
his 9 mm and went to investigate when he heard noises at the rear
of his home at 2:30 a.m. In the kitchen Plasters found a man
entering through a window. Plasters ordered him to freeze, but
the intruder ran through the house and out another window and
escaped. (The Rocky Mountain News, Denver, Colo., 6/17/92)

Two burglars casing a Wichita, Kans., residential area made the
wrong choice when they broke into a home occupied by a woman and
her great-grandmother. The two fled the house and went to a
neighbor’s home. The neighbor grabbed his .357, interrupted the
burglary and ordered the pair to surrender. They instead jumped
in their car and fled as the neighbor fired six shots at them.
Responding police soon arrested one suspect and recovered a large
cache of stolen property. (The Eagle, Wichita, Kans.,
5/14/92)

Kouman Lee was behind the counter of his Fontana, Calif., store
when an armed robber came in and demanded money. As the man took
money from the register, Lee, the victim of several previous
robberies, was able to reach a gun kept behind the counter and
fired, hitting the robber. The wounded criminal fled, but was
found at a local hospital. (The Inland Valley Daily
Bulletin, Ontario, Calif., 5/27/92)

Noticing his girlfriend’s garage in disarray, Lithonia, Ga.,
resident Orlando Sheppard got a pistol out of his truck. When he
walked inside the house, he found two men there, one armed with a
handgun. Both Sheppard and the intruder fired; the gunman–owner
of several felony raps–was mortally wounded, Sheppard, his
girlfriend and her son escaped uninjured. The accomplice escaped.
(The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, 6/10/92)

Hearing glass breaking in his 75-year-old neighbor’s backyard,
Leonard Carralero, Jr., of Miami, Fla., got his shotgun,
investigated and found an intruder attempting to break into the
woman’s house. The stranger sprinted away, but Carralero caught
up with him on the front yard. Carralero, thinking the man was
reaching for what appeared to be a gun under his clothes, fired a
single blast and mortally wounded the would-be burglar. Police
said the dead man had a police record and history of mental
illness. (The Herald, Miami, Fla., 4/18/92)

Answering the phone at 3 a.m., Bill Gross of Phoenix, Ariz.,
heard his next-door neighbor on the line, telling him someone was
breaking into her apartment. Gross armed himself with a
semi-auto, went outside and found a man trying to open the
woman’s front window. Gross ordered him to stop, but when the man
turned and charged, he fired a shot which wounded the intruder.
Police said wounded man would be charged after being released
from the hospital. (The Arizona Republic, Phoenix, Ariz.,
4/30/92)

Stopped for a red light, Laura Huntington of Woodstock, Ga.,
suddenly found herself with an extra passenger in the car–a man
holding a razor to her throat. Following his directions,
Huntington stopped the car on command, and seizing the moment,
pulled her revolver. Her assailant wisely decided to flee. “I had
already made up my mind I was going to use it,” she said. (The
Daily Journal, Marietta, Ga., 6/4/92)

Pensacola, Fla., area resident Jack Taylor was helping a friend
fix his car when the pair was attacked by a man wielding a tree
limb. Struck from behind, Taylor, a former deputy sheriff, pulled
a pistol from his back pocket and shot at his attacker. The man
and an accomplice fled, but a wounded suspect and a juvenile were
later caught. (The News Journal, Pensacola, Fla., 6/12/92)

Walking through the woods in a state park in Wenatchee, Wash.,
Michael Vanney was horrified to see a cougar pounce on his
five-year-old daughter Jessica. Armed only with a hunting knife,
Vanney yelled for his wife to bring a handgun, then jumped on the
cat, knocking it off the girl. When his wife arrived with the
gun, Vanney fired two shots, treeing the cat, which was later
captured and held in quarantine. Jessica suffered only minor
scrapes in the attack, according to an Associated Press report.
(The Tribune, Salt Lake City, Utah, 6/24/92)

A vow of vengeance led only to a gunshot wound for a Houston,
Tex., man after he stalked a female former coworker for six
months. The woman, who had filed several complaints with police,
was in a grocery store parking lot when the stalker jumped into
her car and tried to abduct her. When he did, the woman pulled a
gun and fired, wounding him twice. (The Post, Houston,
Tex., 6/3/92)

Gary Edge of Woodruff, S.C., tucked a pistol in the waistband of
his pants when a smalltime criminal fleeing from police started
pounding on the door to his home, demanding to use the phone.
When Edge opened the door slightly to hand out a portable phone,
the man forced his way inside and began to threaten Edge with a
metal bar. Knocked off balance, Edge managed to pull his gun and
fire, mortally wounding his assailant. (The Herald-Journal,
Spartanburg, S.C., 5/11/92)

Beth Smith of Hartselle, Ala., grabbed her pistol when her
grandmother burst into the house, saying two men had invaded her
home next door. In pursuit of the fleeing pair, Smith fired a
warning shot, prompting one to drop to the gound. Smith held him
for police. (The News Journal, Pensacola, Fla., 6/11/92)

The Armed Citizen, October 1992

Asleep in the apartment above his Brooklyn, N.Y., auto shop,
Ezekial Witherspoon grabbed his licensed 9 mm when he heard the
sounds of forced entry in the business. In the confrontation that
followed, Witherspoon shot and mortally wounded an intruder who
had gained entry to the shop by smashing a window. Police didn’t
charge Witherspoon, saying the shooting appeared justified.
(Newsday, New York, N.Y., 7/15/92)

John Gibbs, a Jacksonville, Fla., volunteer reserve police
officer, was using a car wash early one morning when a car with
three men in it drove up and stopped nearby. When one of the
occupants jumped out and pulled a gun, Gibbs countered with his
own gun. In the short fight that ensued, Gibbs escaped harm while
mortally wounding his assailant. The accomplices fled. Police
said Gibbs apparently acted properly in shooting the man. (The
Florida Times-Union, Jacksonville, Fla., 7/20/92)

James Eldridge heard glass shattering and looked out his house
window to see two men in his carry-out store lot. When one got a
pillow case out of a car and the pair started for the store’s
front door, Eldridge got his shotgun and confronted them. One
would-be burglar fled, but the store owner held the other until
police came. (The News-Sun, Springfield, Ohio, 7/13/92)

Timothy Riley, a resident of Green, Ohio, is very popular with
his neighbor. Hearing glass breaking next door, Riley armed
himself with a shotgun and confronted two housebreakers. The pair
ran back inside, but surrendered when Riley ordered them out.
Riley held them at gunpoint for police. “When those burglars saw
the barrel of my shotgun, they laid down on the ground and got
real peaceful.” (The Beacon Journal, Akron, Ohio, 6/9/92)

An armed robber had successfully hit Kep Van Dang’sPensacola,
Fla., twice in a week, but pressed his luck too far when he tried
a third time. Dang got a pistol after the second robbery, in
which the criminal threatened to come back. When the robber
returned and pointed a gun at Dang and a clerk, the storekeeper
pulled his new .38 and fired several shots, halting the robbery
and driving the man from the store. Police, found a wounded
suspect several blocks away, said Dang would not be charged.
“We’re going to keep that gun, it’s our protection,” said Dang
through an interpreter. (The News-Journal, Pensacola, Fla.,
7/5/92)

Shoved aside by a strongarm thief who vaulted the counter and
began looting the till, the clerk of a Bristol, Pa., convenience
store simply pulled his licensed revolver and fired a single
shot. The blast had the desired effect, driving the man from the
store. (The Times, Trenton, N.J., 7/28/92)

Watching a house for a friend, Arthur and Annie Brown of
Greenville, S.C., were ready when they found a trio of teenagers
while checking the home. Noticing items out of place when they
entered, the Browns had their pistols ready when they confronted
the intruders, Mrs. Brown, 73, fired a warning shot from her gun,
and together with her husband held the three for police. “We both
got our pistols because of previous break-ins,” she told police.
(The Piedomont, Greenville, S.C., 6/11/92)

Feeling uneasy about her only customer, a lone Palmdale, Calif.,
store clerk put herself with easy reach of the revolver she keeps
in the store for protection. When the man exposed himself and
threatened to rape her. The clerk responded by firing a single
shot from her .357 Mag., prompting the criminal to flee the
store. (The Antelope Valley Press, Palmdale, Calif.,
7/10/92)

The owner of a lunch truck gave the burglar a chance to leave,
but when the thief wouldn’t comply, the Elizabeth, N.J. truck
owner retrieved a shotgun, only to be confronted by the intruder
carrying machete. After a warning shot had no effect, the truck
owner fired a blast that put the man to flight. Police arrested a
wounded suspect two blocks away. (The Star-Ledger, Newark,
N.J., 6/5/92)

A would-be robber paid with his life when he tried the ultimate
in stupid stunts–robbing a gun store at knife point. Edward
Sarhan was working in the Miami, Fla., area shop when the man
entered and demanded money. As employee Tony Milan wrestled with
the knife-wielding assailant, Sarhan drew his .38 revolver and
shot the man three times, killing him. (The Herald, Miami,
Fla., 6/9/92)

Two self-described “feisty” senior citizens were more than a
match for an armed intruder who entered their Ambridge, Pa.,
home, apparently intent on burglary. As the crook pointed a
pistol at her, Jean Hankinson screamed for husband Melvin to get
the shotgun. As Melvin grabbed for his scattergun, the thief ran
downstairs and dove through a window. Police said he apparently
took a set of car keys and the next night tried to take the
Hankinson’s car, but was again driven off. (The Beaver County
Times, Beaver, Pa., 7/13/92)

When his dogs interrupted his morning shave, Tom Fletcher looked
outside to see a man hiding behind a peach tree in his Juliette,
Ga. yard. Fearing the man was a wanted fugitive, Fletcher, 76,
picked up his pistol, went outside and captured the stranger. It
turned out the man was wanted for the throat-slashing murder of a
woman during a burglary and the stabbing of a motorist. (The
Telegraph, Macon, Ga., 7/5/92)

The Armed Citizen, November 1992

A pair of Las Vegas, Nev., carjackers learned that it’s hard to
practice your profession when the chosen victims are also armed.
The pair approached a car parked outside a pizza shop, drew guns
and announced the robbery, but the car’s two occupants drew their
own guns and opened fire. The two would-be robbers fled, but a
wounded suspect and an accomplice were apprehended shortly after.
(The Review-Journal, Las Vegas, Nev., 8/18/92)

Hearing suspicious noises outside his home early one morning, a
West Goshen, Pa., homeowner–already on alert after his car had
been stolen two months earlier–picked up his 9 mm pistol and
investigated. Outside he found two men loading his gas grill into
their car. He ordered them to stop and held them at gunpoint for
police. (The Daily Local News, West Chester, Pa., 9/1/92)

Working outside his father-in-law’s restaurant, a Tacoma, Wash.,
man was informed by his wife that a group of armed and unruly
teens was causing a disturbance in the eatery. When the group
moved outside and one member threatened the Tacoman with a
bottle, he fired a single shot from his pistol, wounding his
attacker and halting the disturbance. The wounded man faces
several charges, police said. (The Morning News Tribune,
Tacoma, Wash., 7/29/92)

Feeling sympathy for an acquaintance with a hard-luck story, Gary
Melton loaned the man $50. The man returned to Melton’s store the
next day, but not to repay the loan. Threatening Melton–who is
confined to a wheelchair–with a letter opener, the man demanded
more money. Instead of complying, Melton pulled his pistol and
shot the man to death. Police said the slaying was justified.
(The Times Dispatch, Richmond, Va., 8/28/92)

William Stubbs was in his Hallsboro, N.C., store when a man
walked in and started to beat him with a club. Stubbs feigned
unconsciousness until his wife, hearing the commotion, walked in
and was attacked. Stubbs–who suffered several broken bones and
cuts in the attack–grabbed a pistol from a drawer and shot the
man several times, killing him. Stubbs’ wife was also badly
beaten in the attack. (The Sunday Star-News, Wilmington,
N.C., 6/28/92)

After successfully fighting off a would-be rapist while walking
her dog, a Murray, Utah, woman, enraged over the incident,
retrieved a pistol from her home and went hunting for the man.
Finding him attempting to hitch a ride, she held him at gunpoint
until a passing motorist called police. (The Tribune, Salt
Lake City, Utah, 8/6/92)

Stopped at a highway rest stop, Ray Cage of Justin, Tex., was
returning to his truck when he was approached by two men. When
one flashed a gun and ordered him out of the truck, Cage instead
came up with his own gun and exchanged shots with the duo.
Although wounded in the hip, Cage drove his attackers off. Two
suspects were later apprehended. (The Citizen, Keller,
Tex., 8/4/92)

Charleston, S.C., resident Theodore Palmer returned home from
work early one morning only to find a stranger in his bedroom.
Queried as to what he wanted, the man instead advanced on Palmer,
who retreated to the hallway and grabbed a rifle he keeps there.
In a brief struggle for control of the gun, Palmer shot the
intruder several times. He fled, but a wounded suspect was later
apprehended. A police officer said burglars should consider being
shot . . . “an occupational hazard.” (The Post & Courier,
Charleston, S.C., 8/27/92)

A Eufaula, Okla., store clerk stocking a cooler was confronted by
one of two men who entering the store and turned to find the
second man, his pants down, behind her. The clerk threw a case of
beer at the second man and ran behind the store’s counter with
both men in pursuit. She got to a pistol kept in a drawer,
however, and drove the men from the premises without firing a
shot. (The News-Capital & Democrat, McAlester, Okla.,
7/27/92)

Talking with several friends outside a York, Pa., restaurant,
Barb Wallace was shocked to see one of her party randomly
attacked. The two men sparred, but Wallace’s friend was knocked
to the ground and kicked, his cheekbone crushed. When the
attacker turned his attention to Wallace–a prison guard–she
pulled her revolver. The man fled. (The Daily Record, York,
Pa., 8/10/92)

Robbed at gun point, Dayton, Ohio, pizza-delivery man William
Armour decided he should carry a gun on the job. After delivering
a pizza, Armour was sitting in his car when a man approached and
put a pistol to his head. Reacting quickly, Armour grabbed his
own pistol and fired a single shot, mortally wounding the
would-be robber. Domino’s Pizza, citing company policy forbidding
drivers to carry guns, fired Armour. (The Daily News,
Dayton, Ohio, 7/28/92)

A history of domestic violence by a Mississippi man against his
wife ended when he was shot to death by his son. When the man
came home drunk and started to beat his wife with a baseball bat,
Chris Cayson of Plantersville, Miss., grabbed a rifle and fired
four times, killing his father. Police, citing a history of
abuse, said Cayson’s actions saved his mother from serious injury
or death. (The Northeast Mississippi Daily Journal, Tupelo,
Miss., 6/10/92)

The Armed Citizen, December 1992

“I suppose it was silly, but I was worried about my cats,” said
Corydon, Ind., resident Mary Setzer after she foiled a burglary
at her home. Alerted to the break-in by a friend, Setzer arrived
home to find the basement door forced open. Stopping in her
bedroom to retrieve her revolver, Setzer found two teenagers in
her basement and held them for police. Setzer immediately
purchased a shotgun, saying “A pump gun makes a noise when you
load the chamber. Most people, when they hear that, they’re not
going to hang around.” (The Courier Journal, Louisville,
Ky., 6/2/92)

World War II veteran William Marisak’s best war story comes from
the war against crime. While he was tending bar at his Brooklyn
tavern, four armed robbers burst in and shot him twice Marisak
responded with his licensed .380, wounding one of the gunmen and
putting the others to flight. “If I didn’t have a gun, all of us
would have been dead,” he said. (Newsday, New York, N.Y.,
9/13/92)

Panagiotis “Pete” Ioannidis thought he had left violence behind
him when he moved from his native Greece–where he fought Nazis
and Communists–to Providence, R.I. He was forced to take up arms
again, however, when a man walked into his store and pressed a
knife to his wife’s throat and demanded money. Hearing her yell,
Ioannidis emerged from a back room, pulled his pistol and fired
three shots, mortally wounding the robber. (The
Journal-Bulletin, Providence, R.I., 9/29/92)

A trio of strongarm robbers demanded money from James Tibbs and
his son. When the Pueblo, Colo. residents refused, the crooks
started throwing punches. The elder Tibbs pulled a pistol from
his pocket and fired a warning shot, then fired for effect, when
the criminals persisted, wounding two. (The Chieftain,
Pueblo, Colo., 8/2/92)

Benny Taylor of Anniston, Ala., and his wife had been terrorized
for years by a thug who regularly stole their Social Security
money. When the criminal’s attacks became increasingly violent,
Taylor finally accepted the loan of a .38 from a friend. When the
man showed up at the house again and kicked through the door,
Taylor fired twice, killing him. “I didn’t know what else to do,”
Taylor said. “This is my home.” (The Star, Anniston, Ala.,
9/9/92)

Clint Reynolds’ uncle was trying to fend off a 600-lb. grizzly
with a rifle butt as it tried to climb through a window of the
family’s Central, Alaska, home. Reynolds, 14, loaded his .357
Mag. revolver and rushed to the rescue, firing 15 shots at the
bear. Seven struck home, mortally wounding the marauding bruin.
(The Daily News-Miner, Fairbanks, Alaska, 7/22/92)

A former boxer writing a crime novel did some first-hand research
when he stopped a burglary in a crowded North Hollywood, Calif.,
coffee shop. A regular at the shop, Randy Shields was working on
the story when two armed robbers burst in and fired several
shots. Slightly wounded as he crawled behind a table, he came up
firing when he heard the bandits threaten to kill customers and
employees. In the ensuing battle, Shields chased the men from the
store. Two wounded suspects were later apprehended. (The
Mercury News, San Jose, Calif., 9/21/92)

Steve Cartier thought he’d subdued a deranged intruder with his 9
mm pistol, but when his wife phoned Battle Ground, Oreg., police,
the housebreaker lunged at her. After scuffling with the man, who
ignored two warning shots, Cartier shot and killed him. The
county prosecutor said he expected no charges to be filed against
the homeowner. (The Oregonian, Portland, Oreg., 8/14/92)

After losing nearly everything to Hurricane Andrew, Dade County,
Fla., resident Bart Sanfillipo was serious when he put a sign in
his front yard warning looters he would shoot. Sanfillipo, his
wife and an insurance adjuster were tallying the damage when an
armed bandit leaped from a van and fired a shotgun blast over
their heads. Sanfillipo responded with his .44, hitting the
criminal in the head at 30 ft. “Score one for the good guys,” a
police detective said of the incident. (The Sun-Sentinel,
Ft. Lauderdale, Fla., 9/14/92)

A Yonkers, N.Y., woman demurred when a strongarm robber demanded
her purse as she was making a call at a public phone. She instead
reached in the purse and came up with her licensed .38. The
criminal fled empty-handed. (The Herald Statesman, Yonkers,
N.Y., 8/6/92)

A semi-automatic pistol provided the protection the police
couldn’t for a New Orleans, La., area woman. After calling police
to report a prowler outside her home, the woman got a pistol, and
when the intruder crept through the front door, she shot him once
in the neck, putting him to flight. A wounded suspect was
apprehended minutes later. (The Times-Picayune, New
Orleans, La., 7/22/92)

An Upper Marlboro, Md., homeowner warned the intruder he was
armed. But the housebreaker ignored the warning and charged up
the stairs. The householder opened up with a .38 and killed him.
(The Times, Washington, D.C., 9/2/92)

Two would-be burglars made a big blunder when they woke up the
owner of a Mechanicsville, Md., home. When one shined a
flashlight into the face of the sleeping 71-year-old man, he
grabbed his shotgun and chased the duo from the home with several
blasts. (The Enterprise, Lexington Park, Md., 8/21/92)

The Armed Citizen, January 1993

“I’m not the guy to shoot someone, but when a guy comes after you
with an 18″ pizza knife, you have to do something,” said
Brockton, Mass., restauranteur George Mouraditis. The pizza maker
grabbed his licensed pistol and went to investigate when he heard
breaking glass, and opened fire when the burglar brandished a
knife. Police said the incident was a clear case of self defense
and mounted a search for the wounded criminal. (The
Enterprise, Brockton, Mass., 9/18/92)

When a criminal quartet drew weapons and announced a robbery,
Dorchester, Mass. storekeeper Paul Doung pulled two licensed
semi-autos and, in a furious exchange, wounded one thug and drove
all four from the store. After reviewing surveillance videotape,
police ruled Doung legally defended himself and would face no
charges. (The Globe, Boston, Mass., 8/18/92)

Working on his truck on a Sunday evening, Sammy Creech of Ruston,
La., was looking across the street when he saw two male teenagers
grab and elderly woman’s purse. The duo jumped into a
car–occupied by two female youths–and took off, with Creech in
hot pursuit. The driver of the car eventually lost control and
crashed into a parked car. Creech walked up to the car, but when
he saw a gun on the floorboards, retreated to his truck, got a
.38 and ordered the foursome, all runaways from New York, to wait
for police. (The Daily Leader, Ruston, La., 10/5/92)

Answering a knock to the door of his Harrisburg, Pa., apartment,
Tony Thompson was greeted by a man brandishing a gun. During the
ensuing struggle between the homeowner and the masked gunman,
Thompson was shot in the arm but managed to get his own gun and
fire, killing his attacker. (The Evening News, Harrisburg,
Pa., 10/27/92)

Supposedly looking for his keys, a man convinced Gary Harr,
manager of a Mapleton, Ill., tavern to let him into the business
after closing. Once inside, the man shot Harr in the back four
times. Critically wounded, Harr managed to stumble behind the
counter, grab a revolver and kill his assailant with several
shots. “He thought he could get something for nothing, but he got
what he deserved,” said John Pusser, owner of the bar and brother
of late-Tennessee sheriff Buford Pusser. (The Journal Star,
Peoria, Ill., 9/19/92)

Up and about early one morning, a Salem, Wis., woman became
suspicious when her dog began growling at something outside.
Getting her revolver, she told her daughter to call police and
then went outside to look around. Outside she found two men
trying to take her Corvette from the garage and fired several
shots to scare the men off. As they were running to their van,
one returned fire but missed. (The News, Kenosha, Wis.,
11/7/92)

Alerted by noises from outside at 4 a.m., Mesa, Ariz., resident
Thomas Winfield got his pistol, went to investigate and found a
man trying to jimmy his car’s ignition with a screwdriver.
Winfield ordered the man from the car and was holding him for
police, but when the man lunged, Winfield shot him once, mortally
wounding him. (The Arizona Republic, Phoenix, Ariz.,
11/6/92)

The target of a recent burglary, Willeen Lansberry was suspicious
when she got several hang-up phone calls in one day. Hiding in
her Niagara Falls, N.Y., apartment with her .38, her stakeout was
rewarded when two teenagers forced open the door. Emerging from
her hiding place, Lansberry held the pair for police. (The
News, Buffalo, N.Y., 10/6/92)

The would-be burglar who kicked in the front door of Sonya
Poole’s Lakeland, Fla., home, saw something he’ll never forget;
Poole aiming a .44 right between his eyes. Instead of shooting
the intruder, Poole fired a several warning shots, chasing him
and an accomplice from the residence. While Poole called police,
a lawn-care worker saw one of the fleeing men, followed him and
called police on a portable phone when the man hid in a nearby
store. (The Ledger, Lakeland, Fla., 8/14/92)

Two men were discussing gold bracelets in a New Rochelle, N.Y.,
jewelry store when they suddenly decided that armed robbery was
better than a lay-away plan. Before they could complete their
scheme, however, they found themselves the targets of a withering
hail of fire laid down by store owner Joseph Soares. Soares used
three firearms, all registered, to halt the robbery and kill one
of the pistol-wielding thugs. A local district attorney said it
appeared that Soares acted justifiably in self-defense. (The
Standard-Star, New Rochelle, N.Y., 8/27/92)

A Lancaster, Calif., woman was waiting alongside her disabled car
when three men in a car drove past. Nervous because they had been
staring at her, the woman got a pistol out of the car and loaded
it. Her precautions proved warranted when the car returned and
the men got out and demanded her money. Aiming the gun at the
trio, the woman demanded they leave, which they did. (The
Antelope Valley Press, Lancaster, Calif., 11/6/92)

The Armed Citizen, February 1993

Sue Atkins had vowed not to be the victim of a robbery again, and
made good on her promise when a robber walked into the Durham,
N.C., Western Union office where she works, said he had a gun and
demanded money. What he got was an arm wound from Atkins’ pistol.
He ran a little way before police caught him. “The threat of a
weapon is the same thing as armed robbery in North Carolina,”
said a police officer. (The News & Observer, Raleigh, N.C.,
11/3/92)

A coordinated armed robbery attempt of a Barrington, R.I.,
jewelry store–including a bogus call designed to lure police
away–backfired when the robber met an armed citizen. Owner
George Gray was on the phone when the pistol-wielding man
entered. When Gray yelled into the phone for help, the crook
fired at him but missed. Gray then returned fire, killing his
attacker. Police said the dead man had a long police record, and
added that Gray acted in self-defense. (The
Journal-Bulletin, Providence, R.I., 9/10/92)

Jessie Bishop was rudely awakened when an intruder tried to climb
through the window of her Phoenix, Ariz., home. Bishop warned the
man she was going to call police, but when he continued to climb
through the window, she fired a single shot from her revolver,
fatally wounding him. (The Arizona Republic, Phoenix,
Ariz., 11/15/92)

Turning to get cigarettes, Trung Thach, manager of a San Antonio,
Tex., convenience store, turned back to find his “customer”
holding a gun. As Thach complied with the man’s demands for money
by reaching into the till with his right hand, he pulled a 9 mm
from under the counter with his left and fired twice, mortally
wounding the robber. Police, noting the robber’s “gun” was
realistic-looking toy, said Thach was justified in firing.
(The Light, San Antonio, Tex., 10/19/92)

Nathaniel Womack tried to ignore the late-night pounding on the
door of his Lynchburg, Va., home, hoping the visitor would go
away. When a prowler broke down the door and barged into his
bedroom, however, Womack shot him in the face and put him to
flight. A wounded suspect was apprehended a short time later.
(The News & Daily Advance, Lynchburg, Va., 9/11/92)

Gail Meadows, a columnist for the anti-gun Miami Herald,
got a firsthand look at crime and what armed citizens can do to
prevent it when her car was rammed by another near her home. Four
thugs swarmed her car and were trying to rob her when–alerted by
Meadows beeping her horn–her neighbors came to the rescue. One
man, armed with a shotgun, wounded one of the attackers and put
the other three to flight. (The Herald, Miami, Fla.,
10/28/92)

Jacksonville, Fla., resident David Pierce capitalized on an
unusual opportunity while driving home one afternoon–he
recovered his stolen truck. Taken along with over $12,000 in
tools and cash in a nighttime theft at his home, the truck pulled
up beside Pierce at an intersection about three weeks later.
Pierce grabbed his .357, ordered two men from the truck and held
them for police, who lodged several charges against the pair. “I
saw the opportunity . . . to tell them very politely to get out
of my truck,” Pierce said. “They did exactly what I wanted them
to do.” (The Florida Times-Union, Jacksonville, Fla.,
10/29/92)

Hearing noises from his father’s grocery store next door early
one morning, Hickory, La., resident Bruce Bennett peered through
his window and saw a man banging on the side door of the
business. Bennett got his gun and found the man trying to break
through the front door. Bennett ordered the man to kneel and held
him at gunpoint until police arrived. (The Times-Picayune,
New Orleans, La., 11/5/92)

James Brown didn’t hesitate in becoming involved when he saw a
man being robbed and assaulted by several gun-toting thugs
outside a Covina, Calif., bank. Brown chased one of the group,
who was carrying two bags full of money. When the robber turned
and fired two shots at him at a distance of 200 ft. and missed,
Brown returned fire and wounded the gunman in the stomach. Brown
then held the man for police, who later arrested his accomplice.
(The San Gabriel Valley Tribune, West Covina, Calif.,
10/31/92)

An East Long Beach, Calif., man pushed his luck too far when he
apparently tried to break into the same house twice in 10 days.
Hearing sounds near his front door, resident George Doolittle
grabbed his handgun and went to investigate. When he got into the
front hall, Doolittle saw the man coming through the front door.
Firing two shots, Doolittle wounded the intruder and held him for
police. (The Press-Telegram, Long Beach, Calif., 10/7/92)

Police scored an easy collar after an Erie, Pa., homeowner heard
a breakin, called police and the grabbed his rifle. Confronting
the intruder, the homeowner forced him to retreat outside, right
into the handcuffs of arriving officers. ( The Daily Times,
Erie, Pa., 10/22/92)

Billy Sisson and two fellow elk hunters had stopped for gas at a
Grande Ronde, Oreg., market, when a man witnesses described as
possibly drunk or on drugs approached and started an argument.
After trading words with the hunters, he began threatening the
trio with a revolver. Sisson retrieved his .30-’06 and fired a
single shot, mortally wounding the man; police said he had been
arrested 18 times. (The Statesman Journal, Salem, Oreg.,
11/17/92)

The Armed Citizen, March 1993

Charlie Mikos of Bensalem, Pa., had just gone to bed when he was
roused by his daughter’s screams and the sounds of a struggle.
Running downstairs, he found a man holding what later turned out
to be a stun gun to her head. Grabbing his pistol, Mikos trained
it on the man, convinced him to cease his assault and held him
for police. (The Bucks County Courier Times, Levittown,
Pa., 11/6/92)

When he heard his dog barking early one morning, Willie Wilson of
Winston-Salem, N.C., grabbed his rifle and went onto his front
porch to investigate. He saw a man rummaging through the cab of
his truck. When Wilson yelled the thief turned and fired a shot,
prompting Wilson to return fire. The man and an accomplice fled,
but a wounded suspect was later apprehended. (The Journal,
Winston-Salem, N.C., 11/24/92)

After a man gained entry to a Jericho, N.Y., hotel by opening his
coat to prove to the manager that he was unarmed, the manager
remarked that the establishment had been robbed several times in
the past month. Pulling a gun, the would-be guest replied “I
know, I’m the robber.” The manager pulled a .357 and killed the
robber–who had several juvenile felony convictions and was a
suspect in a string of armed robberies–with two shots.
(Newsday, Long Island, N.Y., 10/22/92)

Finding firearms piled on the couch and the television pulled
away from the wall of her future mother-in-law’s home in Datil,
N. Mex., Shawna Haynes called police and family members and then
got a rifle and loaded it. Noticing a man approaching the door to
the house, Haynes warned him away. When he ignored her and tried
to open the door, she fired several shots, putting him to flight.
(The Defensor Chieftain, Socorro, N. Mex., 11/14/92)

“Thank God he was still there; he’s usually not around this
late,” was one woman’s praise for Lazaro Salazar. Ft. Lauderdale,
Fla., businessman Salazar heard screams from the store next door,
grabbed his pistol and confronted an armed robber exiting the
shop. The criminal raised his pistol, but Salazar was faster on
the draw and fired, wounding him. Neighbors said the crook who
was taken into custody had previously robbed them, one shopowner
five times. (The Sun-Sentinel, Ft. Lauderdale, Fla.,
11/10/92)

Though beaten and shot by a pair of robbers, Carol Ponciano of
Oroville, Calif., managed to get a pistol from her bedroom and
opened fire on the pair as they assaulted her roommate. Her shots
mortally wounded one of the intruders. The other fled, but a
wounded juvenile was apprehended later. “You can’t say enough for
the courage she displayed,” said the county sheriff, adding the
dead man had an “18-page rap sheet.” “Had she not done what she
did, I’m convinced we’d have a triple murder on our hands.”
(The Enterprise-Record, Chico, Calif., 12/7/92)

Claiming to be electrical inspectors, two men gained entry to an
elderly Golo, Ky., couple’s home and pretended to inspect
electrical outlets. When the homeowner found one of the men
rifling his wife’s purse, however, he grabbed a handgun and drove
the men off with several shots. (The Courier-Journal,
Louisville, Ky., 12/2/92)

A 19-year-old robber made a big mistake when, several days after
stealing a pistol from a Chula Vista, Calif., gunshop, he tried
to come back for the rest of the firearms. He pointed the stolen
firearm at owner Gene Reynolds and his partner and announced his
intentions, but when he leaned over a counter to open a display
case, Reynolds pulled his own pistol and fired several shots,
wounding the man and stopping the robbery. (The
Union-Tribune, San Diego, Calif., 12/9/92)

Samuel Stewart, 77, didn’t believe the man at the front door of
his Wichita, Kans., home when he claimed to be a police officer,
so Stewart shut the door. Stewart called police and got his
shotgun when the man broke in through an upstairs window a few
minutes later and kicked through a door to the ground floor. When
the housebreaker came around the corner, Stewart killed him with
a single blast. Police said the slain man had a police record
that included burglary charges. (The Eagle, Wichita, Kans.,
12/11/92)

Insulted, afraid and angry after discovering a burglary at their
Springfield, Mo., home, Kent and Mary Dunning decided to wait and
see if the burglar would return. Their vigil was soon rewarded
when two men walked in the backdoor, knocking over several cans
that the Dunnings had placed as an alarm. When the pair ignored
orders to halt, Kent Dunning opened fire, wounding one intruder
and holding him for police. The other escaped. “I’m strongly in
favor of the right to keep and bear arms,” the homeowner said.
(The News-Leader, Springfield, Mo., 12/29/92)

Jumped in his carport by two gun-wielding thugs, Columbus, Ga.,
area cattleman Clarence Borom handed over his wallet. When the
men told him to go into the house and get more money, Borom
slammed and locked the door and headed for his pistol. One of the
two men shot out a pane of glass in the door, unlocked it and
entered the house. When Borom heard the intruder threaten his
wife, he opened fire. In the exchange of shots Borom was wounded
in the arm, but drove both men from the residence. (The
Ledger-Enquirer, Columbus, Ga., 11/3/92)

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